EFFICACY OF LYOPHILIZED JUICE OF CITRUS RETICULATA FRUIT AS REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SUPPLEMENT IN FEMALE RATS SUPPORTED BY PHYTOCHEMICALANALYSIS
Main Article Content
Keywords
GC-MS FAMES, Amino acid, Reproductive hormones, Citrus reticulata
Abstract
This study investigates the phytochemistry of lyophilized juice of Citrus reticulata fruit and
evaluates its impact on the reproductive hormones of adult female rats. Phytoconstituents were
identified by using phytochemical analysis, and GC-MS. The effect of lyophilized fruit juice on the
oestrus cycle and reproductive hormones was assessed by using an in vivo experimental rat model.
Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of amino acids, and fatty acids in the lyophilized
fruit juice. The in vivo study demonstrated the estrogen antagonist effects of the lyophilized fruit
juice in treated animals. This effect was attributed to the direct impact of the lyophilized fruit juice
on female reproductive organs, leading to the suppression of follicular growth in the ovary or
disruption of the hormonal balance in the hypothalamic-hypophysial ovarian and uterine axis. These
findings highlighted the diverse array of phytochemical constituents present in the lyophilized juice
of Citrus reticulata fruit and their potential effects on the reproductive hormones.
References
2. Orabueze, I.C., et al., Evaluation of possible effects of Persea americana seeds on female reproductive hormonal and toxicity profile. J. Ethnopharmacol.,, 2021. 273:: p. 113870.
3. Musara, C., E.B. Aladejana, and S.M. Mudyiwa, Review of the nutritional composition, medicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae). F1000Research.,, 2020. 9:: p. 1387.
4. Chen, D., et al., Column chromatographic extraction for quickly separating the volatiles, flavonoids, and pectin from tangerine peel. Separation Science and Technology, 2016. 51(3): p. 485-493.
5. Shakya, A., et al., Comparative study of antibacterial activity of juice and peel extract of citrus fruits. Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology, 2019. 6: p. 82-88.
6. Mahato, N., et al., Modern extraction and purification techniques for obtaining high purity food-grade bioactive compounds and value-added co-products from citrus wastes. Foods, 2019. 8(11): p. 523.
7. Corrêa-Filho, L.C., et al., Microencapsulation of β-carotene by spray drying: effect of wall material concentration and drying inlet temperature. International journal of food science, 2019. 2019.
8. Barminas, J., M. James, and U. Abubakar, Chemical composition of seeds and oil of Xylopia aethiopica grown in Nigeria. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 1999. 53: p. 193-198.
9. Al-Hooti, S., J. Sidhu, and H. Qabazard, Chemical composition of seeds of date fruit cultivars of United Arab Emirates. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE-, 1998. 35: p. 44-46.
10. Hussain, J., et al., Endogenous transitional metal and proximate analysis of selected medicinal plants from Pakistan. ournal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2010. 4(3): p. 267-270.
11. Chang, C.-C., et al., Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of food drug analysis, 2002. 10(3).
12. Tepe, B. and A. Sokmen, Screening of the antioxidative properties and total phenolic contents of three endemic Tanacetum subspecies from Turkish flora. Bioresource Technology, 2007. 98(16): p. 3076-3079.
13. Li, X., et al., Control of tillering in rice. Nature.,, 2003. 422(6932): p. 618-621.
14. Makonnen, E., et al., Antifertility effect of Jatropha curcas L. seed in guinea pigs. Ethiop. J. Health Dev.,, 1997. 11(2).
15. Ahmed, R.N., Effect of ethanolic seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella on female reproductive system of albino rat: a focus on antifertility efficacy. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis.,, 2012. 2:: p. S957-S962.
16. Chaman, S., et al., Cytotoxic and antiviral potentials of Euphorbia milii var. splendens leaf against Peste des petits ruminant virus. Trop. J. Pharm. Res.,, 2019. 18(7): p. 1507-1511.
17. Azmi, W., et al., An Antileukemic Glutaminase Free L-Asparaginase from Bacillus brevis. Curr. Biotechnol.,, 2017. 6(1): p. 58-68.
18. Yu, D., et al., The adverse metabolic effects of branched-chain amino acids are mediated by isoleucine and valine. Cell Metab.,, 2021. 33(5): p. 905-922. e6.
19. Zheng, L., et al., Supplementation of branched-chain amino acids to a reduced-protein diet improves growth performance in piglets: involvement of increased feed intake and direct muscle growth-promoting effect. Br. J. Nutr.,, 2016. 115(12): p. 2236-2245.
20. Hertzler, S.R., et al., Plant proteins: assessing their nutritional quality and effects on health and physical function. Nutrients.,, 2020. 12(12): p. 3704.
21. Cabay, M.R., J.C. Harris, and S.A. Shippy, Impact of sampling and cellular separation on amino acid determinations in Drosophila hemolymph. Anal. Chem.,, 2018. 90(7): p. 4495-4500.
22. Augustin, M.A. and L. Sanguansri, Challenges and solutions to incorporation of nutraceuticals in foods. Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol.,, 2015. 6:: p. 463-477.
23. Moro, L.P., et al., Characterization, subsite mapping and N-terminal sequence of miliin, a serine-protease isolated from the latex of Euphorbia milii. Process Biochem.,, 2013. 48(4): p. 633-637.
24. Goyle, K.K. and A.D. Walling, Diagnosing pericarditis. Am Fam Physician, 2002. 66(9): p. 1695-1702.
25. Siri-Tarino, P.W., et al., Saturated fat, carbohydrate, and cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2010. 91(3): p. 502-509.
26. Cater, N.B. and M.A. Denke, Behenic acid is a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2001. 73(1): p. 41-44.
27. Davoodbasha, M., et al., An evidence of C16 fatty acid methyl esters extracted from microalga for effective antimicrobial and antioxidant property. Microb. Pathog.,, 2018. 115:: p. 233-238.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Saqib Tufail
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan;
Sadia Chaman
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan;
Gulbeena Saleem
Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences(UVAS), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Shaista Qamar
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan;
Rabia saeed
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan;
Fatima Usman
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan;
Alina Tariq
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan;
Nabeel Ahmad
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan;
Muhammad Tayyab Cheema
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan;
Ahmed Mustafa Nadeem
Institute of Medical Sciences, Combined Military Hospitals (CMH), Bahawalpur, Pakistan;