Prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium in raw and minced beef of districts Attock and Chakwal regions, Pakistan
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Keywords
Nontyphoidal Salmonella, Raw beef, Minced beef, PCR, Antimicrobial Resistance.
Abstract
Salmonella. enteritidis and Salmonella. typhimurium is responsible for gastroenteritis, also called Salmonella influenza. Salmonella species have been discovered over wide range of environment including food chain. In order to isolate and characterize the S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium from raw beef and its products, a total 100 samples of raw beef and minced beef were aseptically collected from butcher’s shops and marketplaces located across both the districts of Attock (n=50) and Chakwal (n=50). Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate and Salmonella Shigella agar media were utilized to culture and isolate Salmonella spp. Further molecular identification was done to identify Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium. Total 30 samples were found positive for Salmonella spp with 70% positive samples of S. enteritidis and 30% positive samples of S. typhimurium. At district level, out of 50 samples from Attock, 16 samples were positive for Salmonella with 68.75% positive samples of S. enteritidis and 5 31.25% positive samples of S. typhimurium. While out of 50 samples from Chakwal, 14 samples were positive for Salmonella with 71.4% positive samples of S. enteritidis and 28.6% positive samples of S. typhimurium. No sample was found positive for Salmonella collected from the super market in the frozen form from the both districts. Overall, the contamination of S. enteritidis (70%) was found higher than the S. typhimurium (30%) in both the districts. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium revealed that resistance was showed to antibiotics like Ampicillin, Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, Streptomycin, and bacterial isolates found sensitive to cepahalosporins like Cephazolin and Ceftazidime. The present study revealed that beef samples from both the districts of Attock and Chakwal were contaminated with S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium.
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