FRACTIONS OF ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA HONEY ATTENUATES STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA MEDIATED COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN ADULT MICE
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Keywords
Ziziphus Jujuba Honey, STZ, Cognitive dysfunction, Chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, TLR4
Abstract
Purpose: There are several evidences showing that hyperglycemic conditions have adverse effects on the brain causing synapse and cognitive deficits along with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology. This study was investigated to examine the neurotherapeutic potential of three different fractions extracted with chloroform (Ch), ethyl acetate (EA) and n-butyl alcohol (n-BuOH) of Ziziphus jujuba Honey against Streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemia mediated cognitive dysfunction in adult mice.
Methods: Male albino mice were randomly placed into five groups i.e. normal mice, STZ treated (90 mg/kg) mice, STZ+Ch, STZ+EA and STZ+n-BuOH mice (30 mg/kg) for a period of three weeks. Different behavioral tests and biochemical analysis such as Morris water maze test, Y-maze test, GTT, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and TGL were performed to observe the effect of these fractions on memory dysfunction induced by STZ.
Results: A single injection of STZ at a dose of (90 mg/kg) administered intraperitonealy induces hyperglycemia followed by the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 receptors) and ultimately phosphorylated NF-kB (p-NF-kB) activation in the brain of adult albino mice. Moreover, STZ administration significantly caused both pre- and post-synapse loss and cognitive decline in adult albino mice. On the other hand, the administration of three different fractions (Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol) of Ziziphus Jujuba Honey (30 mg/kg daily for three weeks) significantly decreased STZ induced high blood glucose, negatively modulated TLR4 receptors and inhibiting p-NF-kB activation in the brain of adult albino mice.
Conclusion: Taken together, all the results suggest that these three different fractions (Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and N-butyl alcohol) of Ziziphus Jujuba Honey are natural, safe and potent agents against hyperglycemic induced cognitive impairment and associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Zaid Ullah
Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Asad Ullah
Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Assistant Professor
Akhtar Muhammad
Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Shahid Ali Shah
Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.