PREVALENCE OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND ASSOCIATED SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AMONG SEXUALLY ACTIVE WOMEN
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Keywords
HPV Prevalence, Molecular Analysis, Real–Time PCR, Socio-Demographic Factors
Abstract
Background: HPV infection is a major risk factor for cervical cancer, which is known as one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Based on the Global Cancer Statistics 2020 report by the American Cancer Society and the International Agency for Research on Cancer collaboration, cervical cancer ranks fourth among the most common types of cancer in women, with an incidence of 6.5%. There were an estimated 604,000 new cases of cervical cancer and 342,000 related deaths worldwide in 2020. HPV infection rates continue to persist, especially in developing countries, where cervical cancer incidence and prevalence are still high. It is due to different reasons, which include low socioeconomic status, lack of population awareness, and inadequately implemented screening and vaccination programs. It is necessary to continue this discussion and to refocus the attention of specialists and the population worldwide on HPV infection and related diseases.
Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the presence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the North Indian population with a focus on understanding the prevalence, distribution and associated risk factors of different HPV genotypes.
Material and Method: The present study was done on the women attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD in the regional tertiary care hospital with symptomatic gynaecological problems for the presence of Human Papillomavirus. In this study, we have used Real-Time PCR for HPV DNA testing by using the “TRUPCR® HPV High-Risk Genotyping Plus Kit” as per the manufacturer’s instruction. PCR results were analyzed and then correlated with the Personal and demographic profile of the patient.
Results: The prevalence of HPV is 23.24% in the present study. The highest prevalence of HPV infection was found in the age group 21-30 years (36.66%) followed by the age group >50 years (33.33%). In the age group 31-40 years the prevalence was 22.36% and in the age group 41-50 years it was 17.14%. It was observed that the prevalence of HPV infection was dependent on the education level of the women. The higher the education lesser the prevalence among participants. Also, the prevalence was higher in the rural women population.
Conclusion: The sociodemographic factors play an important role in acquiring and persistence of the Human Papillomavirus. The most important being the age, education, occupation, residence and socioeconomic status. Mass awareness programs should be conducted to create awareness among women.
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Dr. Rohit Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Index Medical College, Malwanchal University, Indore, MP.
Amod Kumar Yadav
Demonstrator, Department of Microbiology, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak.
Dr. Paramjeet Singh Gill
Professor, Department of Microbiology, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak.
Tanuj Gupta
Research Scientist, VDRL, Department of Microbiology, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak.
Reenu Kumari
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, N.C. Medical College and Hospital, Israna, Panipat.
Dr. Manish Saroj
Research Scientist, VDRL, Department of Microbiology, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak