PHARMACOGENOMICS: PERSONALIZED MEDICINE BASED ON GENETIC FACTORS.
Main Article Content
Keywords
pharmacogenomics, personalized medicine, genetic factors, medication response, genomics
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is a rapidly evolving field that combines pharmacology and genomics to develop personalized medicine based on an individual's genetic makeup. By understanding how genetic factors influence an individual's response to medications, healthcare providers can optimize treatment plans to improve efficacy and reduce adverse reactions. This essay explores the concept of pharmacogenomics, its methodology, current research findings, and implications for personalized medicine.
References
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2. Relling MV, Evans WE. Pharmacogenomics in the clinic. Nature. 2015;526(7573):343-350.
3. Caudle KE, Klein TE, Hoffman JM, et al. Incorporation of pharmacogenomics into routine clinical practice: the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline development process. Curr Drug Metab. 2014;15(2):209-217.
4. Swen JJ, Wilting I, de Goede AL, et al. Pharmacogenetics: from bench to byte--an update of guidelines. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 89(5):662-673.
5. Crews KR, Cross SJ, McCormick JN, et al. Development and implementation of a pharmacist-managed clinical pharmacogenetics service. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2011; 68(2):143-150.
6. Johnson JA, Gong L, Whirl-Carrillo M, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes and warfarin dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 90(4):625-629.
7. King CR, Xiong Y, Gould A, Mack LP, Darekar A, Flynn G. Evaluation of the effect of pharmacogenomic information on warfarin prescribing in older inpatients: a retrospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2017; 12(11):e0184.
8. Bank PC, Caudle KE, Swen JJ, Gammal RS, Whirl-Carrillo M, Klein TE. Comparison of the guidelines for CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 copy number variation by using real-time PCR. Pharmacogenomics. 2018; 19(2):133-142.
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