RECENT THERAPEUTIC APPROCHES IN MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA
Main Article Content
Keywords
Asthma, Therapy, Inflammatory, Treatment etc
Abstract
The current therapy of asthma remedy is primarily based on a stepwise method, relying on disorder severity, and the goal is to reduce the signs and symptoms that result from airway obstruction and infection, to save you exacerbations and to maintain ordinary lung function. Bronchial asthma is a common but complicated heterogeneous inflammatory airway sickness. In spite of sizeable trends in our know-how of the pathophysiology and treatment of bronchial asthma, it remains a primary cause of mortality and morbidity. Most excellent management includes addressing modifiable risk elements, titration of inhaled pharmacotherapy in a stepwise approach and, in excessive sickness, attention of biologic retailers. Appreciation of the scientific characteristics of bronchial asthma and recognition of the immune pathways concerned has allowed the development of phenotypic and endotypic subtypes of allergies to be higher described. This has revolutionised asthma control, allowing danger stratification of sufferers, and focused use of biologic marketers to adjust cytokine responses that force bronchial asthma and advanced patient effects. Patient training and engagement are essential to the management of this disease in a generation of customized remedy and a rapidly converting international environment. Treatment choices, but, vary between international locations and should keep in mind comfort to the affected person and the occurrence of aspect-results. Moreover, the value of therapy and repayment regulations additionally impacts therapeutic strategies.
References
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2) Rabe KF, Vermeire PA, Soriano JB, Maier WC. Clinical management of asthma in 1999: the Asthma Insights and Reality in Europe (AIRE) study. Eur Respir J 2000;16:802–807.
3) Sont JK. How do we monitor asthma control? Allergy 1999;54:68–73.
4) Butchers PR, Varday CJ, Johnson M. Salmeterol: a potent and long-acting inhibitor of inflammatory mediator release from human lung. Br J Pharmacol 1991;104:672–676.
5) Pauwels RA, Lofdahl CG, Postma DS, et al. Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. Formoterol and Corticosteroids Establishing Therapy (FACET) International Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1405–1411.
6) Kips JC, O'Connor BJ, Inman MD, Svensson K, Pauwels RA, O'Byrne PM. A long-term study of the antiinflammatory effect of low-dose budesonide plus formoterol versus high-dose budesonide in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:996–1001.
7) Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1256–1276.
8) Disse B. Antimuscarinic treatment for lung diseases: from research to clinical practice. Life Sci 2001;68:2557–2564.
9) Cockcroft DW, Murdock KY. Comparative effects of inhaled salbutamol, sodium cromoglycate, and beclomethasone dipropionate on allergen-induced early asthmatic responses, late asthmatic responses, and increased bronchial responsiveness to histamine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987;79:734–740.
10) Suissa S, Ernst P, Benayoun S, Baltzan M, Cai B. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids and the prevention of death from asthma. N Engl J Med 2000;343:332–336.
11) Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. NF‐κB: a pivotal role in asthma and a new target for therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1997;18:46–50.
12) Vayssiere BM, Dupont S, Choquart A, et al. Synthetic glucocorticoids that dissociate transactivation and AP‐1 transrepression exhibit antiinflammatory activity in vivo. Mol Endocrinol 1997;11:1245–1255.
13) Barnes PJ, Pedersen S, Busse WW. Efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids. New developments. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:S1–S3.
14) Lipworth BJ, Jackson CM. Safety of inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids: lessons for the new millennium. Drug Saf 2000;23:11–33.
15) Taylor DA, Jensen MW, Kanabar V, et al. A dose-dependent effect of the novel inhaled corticosteroid ciclesonide on airway responsiveness to adenosine-5'‐monophosphate in asthmatic patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:237–243.
16) Leach CL, Davidson PJ, Boudreau RJ. Improved airway targeting with the CFC‐free HFA‐beclomethasone metered-dose inhaler compared with CFC‐beclomethasone. Eur Respir J 1998;12:1346–1353.
17) Wettengel R, Berdel D, Hofmann D, et al. Asthmatherapie bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Empfehlungen der Deutschen Atemwegsliga in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie. Med Klin 1998;93:639–650.
18) Weinberger M, Hendeles L. Theophylline in asthma. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1380–1388.
19) Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Expert Panel Report 2. Publication No. 1997 97‐4051. 1997.
20) Pauwels R, van Renterghem D, Van der Straeten M, Johannesson N, Persson CGA. The effect of theophylline and enprofylline on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985;76:583–590.
21) Ward AJ, McKenniff M, Evans JM, Page CP, Costello JF. Theophylline: an immunomodulatory role in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:518–523.
22) Banner KH, Page CP. Anti-inflammatory effects of theophylline and selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Clin Exp Allergy 1996;26:2–9.
23) Hamilton D, Lehman H. Asthma phenotypes as a guide for current and future biologic therapies. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 59: 160– 74.
24) Agache I, Akdis C, Jutel M, Virchow JC. Untangling asthma phenotypes and endotypes. Allergy 2012; 67: 835– 46.
25) Agache I, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Cojanu C, Laculiceanu A, Del Giacco S, Zemelka-Wiacek M et al. Advances and highlights in asthma in 2021. Allergy 2021; 76: 3390– 407.
26) Rodríguez-Jiménez JC, Moreno-Paz FJ, Terán LM, Guaní-Guerra E. Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease: current topics and trends. Respir Med 2018; 135: 62– 75.
27) Buchheit KM, Laidlaw TM. Update on the management of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2016; 8: 298– 304.
28) Gibson PG, Yang IA, Upham JW, Reynolds PN, Hodge S, James AL et al. Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma (AMAZES): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2017; 390: 659– 68.
29) Wenzel SE. Asthma phenotypes: the evolution from clinical to molecular approaches. Nat Med 2012; 18: 716– 25.
30) Parsons JP, Hallstrand TS, Mastronarde JG, Kaminsky DA, Rundell KW, Hull JH et al. American Thoracic Society Subcommittee on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187: 1016– 27.
31) Lazarinis N, Jørgensen L, Ekström T, Bjermer L, Dahlén B, Pullerits T et al. Combination of budesonide/formoterol on demand improves asthma control by reducing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Thorax 2014; 69: 130– 6.
32) Lambrecht BN, Hammad H, Fahy JV. The cytokines of asthma. Immunity 2019; 50: 975– 91.
33) Caminati M, Pham DL, Bagnasco D, Canonica GW. Type 2 immunity in asthma. World Allergy Organ J 2018; 11: 13.
34) Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. The immunology of asthma. Nat Immunol 2015; 16: 45– 56.
35) Schleich FN, Manise M, Sele J et al. Distribution of sputum cellular phenotype in a large asthma cohort: predicting factors for eosinophilic vs neutrophilic inflammation. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13: 11.
36) Price D, Ryan D, Burden A et al. Using fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) to diagnose steroid-responsive disease and guide asthma management in routine care. Clin Transl Allergy 2013; 3: 37.
37) Berry MA, Shaw DE, Green RH, Brightling CE, Wardlaw AJ, Pavord ID. The use of exhaled nitric oxide concentration to identify eosinophilic airway inflammation: an observational study in adults with asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35: 1175– 9.
38) Asthma: diagnosis and monitoring of asthma in adults, children and young people. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2017.
39) Beasley R, Braithwaite I, Semprini A, Kearns C, Weatherall M, Pavord ID. Optimal asthma control: time for a new target. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201: 1480– 7.
40) Juniper EF, Bousquet J, Abetz L, Bateman ED, Committee GOAL. Identifying ‘well-controlled’ and ‘not well-controlled’ asthma using the asthma control questionnaire. Respir Med 2006; 100: 616– 21.
41) Hew M, McDonald VM, Bardin PG, Chung LP, Farah CS, Barnard A et al. Cumulative dispensing of high oral corticosteroid doses for treating asthma in Australia. Med J Aust 2020; 213: 316– 20.
42) Wilson AM, Dempsey OJ, Sims EJ, et al. Evaluation of salmeterol or montelukast as second-line therapy for asthma not controlled with inhaled corticosteroids. Chest2001;119:1021–6.
43) Lipworth BJ, Dempsey OJ, Aziz I, et al. Effects of adding a leukotriene antagonist or a long-acting beta(2)-agonist in asthmatic patients with the glycine-16 beta(2)-adrenoceptor genotype. Am J Med2000;109:114–21.
44) Pollard SJ, Spector SL, Yancey SW, et al. Salmeterol versus theophylline in the treatment of asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol1997;78:457–64.
45) Evans DJ, Taylor DA, Zetterstrom O, et al. A comparison of low-dose inhaled budesonide plus theophylline and high-dose inhaled budesonide for moderate asthma. N Engl J Med1997;337:1412–18.
46) Ukena D, Harnest U, Sakalauskas R, et al. Comparison of addition of theophylline to inhaled steroid with doubling of the dose of inhaled steroid in asthma. Eur Respir J1997;10:2754–60.
47) Lim S, Jatakanon A, Gordon D, et al. Comparison of high dose inhaled steroids, low dose inhaled steroids plus low dose theophylline, and low dose inhaled steroids alone in chronic asthma in general practice. Thorax2000;55:837–41.
48) Sullivan P, Bekir S, Jaffar Z, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of low-dose oral theophylline in atopic asthma. Lancet1994;343:1006–8.
49) Barnes PJ, Jonsson B, Klim JB. The costs of asthma. Eur Respir J1996;9:636–42.
50) Hanania NA, Alpan O, Hamilos DL, Condemi JJ, Reyes-Rivera I, Zhu J et al. In severe allergic asthma inadequately controlled with standard therapy: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2011; 154: 573– 82.
51) Ortega HG, Yancey SW, Mayer B, Gunsoy NB, Keene ON, Bleecker ER et al. Severe eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab stratified by baseline eosinophil thresholds: a secondary analysis of the DREAM and MENSA studies. Lancet Respir Med 2016; 4: 549– 56.
52) Bleecker ER, FitzGerald JM, Chanez P, Papi A, Weinstein SF, Barker P et al. Efficacy and safety of benralizumab for patients with severe asthma uncontrolled with high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists (SIROCCO): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2016; 388: 2115– 27.
53) Correns J, Parnes JR, Wang L et al. Tezepelumab in adults with uncontrolled asthma. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 936– 46.
54) Castro M, Rubin AS, Laviolette M, Fiterman J, De Andrade LM, Shah PL et al. Effectiveness and safety of bronchial thermoplasty in the treatment of severe asthma: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181: 116– 24.
55) Expert Panel Working Group of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) administered and coordinated National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee (NAEPPCC), Cloutier MM, Baptist AP, Blake KV, Brooks EG, Bryant-Stephens T et al. 2020 Focused Updates to the Asthma Management Guidelines: a report from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146: 1217– 70.
56) Virchow JC, Backer V, Kuna P, Prieto L, Nolte H, Villesen HH et al. Efficacy of a house dust mite sublingual allergen immunotherapy tablet in adults with allergic asthma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 315: 1715– 25.
57) O'Hehir RE, Varese NP, Deckert K, Zubrinich CM, van Zelm MC, Rolland JM et al. Epidemic thunderstorm asthma protection with five-grass pollen tablet sublingual immunotherapy: a clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198: 126– 8.
58) Harun NS, Lachapelle P, Douglass J. Thunderstorm-triggered asthma: what we know so far. J Asthma Allergy 2019; 6: 101– 8.
59) Chatelier J, Chan S, Tan JA, Stewart AG, Douglass JA. Managing exacerbations in thunderstorm asthma: current insights. J Inflamm Res 2021; 8: 4537– 50.
60) Adir Y, Saliba W, Beurnier A, Humbert M. Asthma and COVID-19: an update. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30: 210152.
2) Rabe KF, Vermeire PA, Soriano JB, Maier WC. Clinical management of asthma in 1999: the Asthma Insights and Reality in Europe (AIRE) study. Eur Respir J 2000;16:802–807.
3) Sont JK. How do we monitor asthma control? Allergy 1999;54:68–73.
4) Butchers PR, Varday CJ, Johnson M. Salmeterol: a potent and long-acting inhibitor of inflammatory mediator release from human lung. Br J Pharmacol 1991;104:672–676.
5) Pauwels RA, Lofdahl CG, Postma DS, et al. Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. Formoterol and Corticosteroids Establishing Therapy (FACET) International Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1405–1411.
6) Kips JC, O'Connor BJ, Inman MD, Svensson K, Pauwels RA, O'Byrne PM. A long-term study of the antiinflammatory effect of low-dose budesonide plus formoterol versus high-dose budesonide in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:996–1001.
7) Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1256–1276.
8) Disse B. Antimuscarinic treatment for lung diseases: from research to clinical practice. Life Sci 2001;68:2557–2564.
9) Cockcroft DW, Murdock KY. Comparative effects of inhaled salbutamol, sodium cromoglycate, and beclomethasone dipropionate on allergen-induced early asthmatic responses, late asthmatic responses, and increased bronchial responsiveness to histamine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987;79:734–740.
10) Suissa S, Ernst P, Benayoun S, Baltzan M, Cai B. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids and the prevention of death from asthma. N Engl J Med 2000;343:332–336.
11) Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. NF‐κB: a pivotal role in asthma and a new target for therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1997;18:46–50.
12) Vayssiere BM, Dupont S, Choquart A, et al. Synthetic glucocorticoids that dissociate transactivation and AP‐1 transrepression exhibit antiinflammatory activity in vivo. Mol Endocrinol 1997;11:1245–1255.
13) Barnes PJ, Pedersen S, Busse WW. Efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroids. New developments. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:S1–S3.
14) Lipworth BJ, Jackson CM. Safety of inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids: lessons for the new millennium. Drug Saf 2000;23:11–33.
15) Taylor DA, Jensen MW, Kanabar V, et al. A dose-dependent effect of the novel inhaled corticosteroid ciclesonide on airway responsiveness to adenosine-5'‐monophosphate in asthmatic patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:237–243.
16) Leach CL, Davidson PJ, Boudreau RJ. Improved airway targeting with the CFC‐free HFA‐beclomethasone metered-dose inhaler compared with CFC‐beclomethasone. Eur Respir J 1998;12:1346–1353.
17) Wettengel R, Berdel D, Hofmann D, et al. Asthmatherapie bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Empfehlungen der Deutschen Atemwegsliga in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie. Med Klin 1998;93:639–650.
18) Weinberger M, Hendeles L. Theophylline in asthma. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1380–1388.
19) Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Expert Panel Report 2. Publication No. 1997 97‐4051. 1997.
20) Pauwels R, van Renterghem D, Van der Straeten M, Johannesson N, Persson CGA. The effect of theophylline and enprofylline on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985;76:583–590.
21) Ward AJ, McKenniff M, Evans JM, Page CP, Costello JF. Theophylline: an immunomodulatory role in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:518–523.
22) Banner KH, Page CP. Anti-inflammatory effects of theophylline and selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Clin Exp Allergy 1996;26:2–9.
23) Hamilton D, Lehman H. Asthma phenotypes as a guide for current and future biologic therapies. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 59: 160– 74.
24) Agache I, Akdis C, Jutel M, Virchow JC. Untangling asthma phenotypes and endotypes. Allergy 2012; 67: 835– 46.
25) Agache I, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Cojanu C, Laculiceanu A, Del Giacco S, Zemelka-Wiacek M et al. Advances and highlights in asthma in 2021. Allergy 2021; 76: 3390– 407.
26) Rodríguez-Jiménez JC, Moreno-Paz FJ, Terán LM, Guaní-Guerra E. Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease: current topics and trends. Respir Med 2018; 135: 62– 75.
27) Buchheit KM, Laidlaw TM. Update on the management of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2016; 8: 298– 304.
28) Gibson PG, Yang IA, Upham JW, Reynolds PN, Hodge S, James AL et al. Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma (AMAZES): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2017; 390: 659– 68.
29) Wenzel SE. Asthma phenotypes: the evolution from clinical to molecular approaches. Nat Med 2012; 18: 716– 25.
30) Parsons JP, Hallstrand TS, Mastronarde JG, Kaminsky DA, Rundell KW, Hull JH et al. American Thoracic Society Subcommittee on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187: 1016– 27.
31) Lazarinis N, Jørgensen L, Ekström T, Bjermer L, Dahlén B, Pullerits T et al. Combination of budesonide/formoterol on demand improves asthma control by reducing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Thorax 2014; 69: 130– 6.
32) Lambrecht BN, Hammad H, Fahy JV. The cytokines of asthma. Immunity 2019; 50: 975– 91.
33) Caminati M, Pham DL, Bagnasco D, Canonica GW. Type 2 immunity in asthma. World Allergy Organ J 2018; 11: 13.
34) Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. The immunology of asthma. Nat Immunol 2015; 16: 45– 56.
35) Schleich FN, Manise M, Sele J et al. Distribution of sputum cellular phenotype in a large asthma cohort: predicting factors for eosinophilic vs neutrophilic inflammation. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13: 11.
36) Price D, Ryan D, Burden A et al. Using fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) to diagnose steroid-responsive disease and guide asthma management in routine care. Clin Transl Allergy 2013; 3: 37.
37) Berry MA, Shaw DE, Green RH, Brightling CE, Wardlaw AJ, Pavord ID. The use of exhaled nitric oxide concentration to identify eosinophilic airway inflammation: an observational study in adults with asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35: 1175– 9.
38) Asthma: diagnosis and monitoring of asthma in adults, children and young people. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2017.
39) Beasley R, Braithwaite I, Semprini A, Kearns C, Weatherall M, Pavord ID. Optimal asthma control: time for a new target. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201: 1480– 7.
40) Juniper EF, Bousquet J, Abetz L, Bateman ED, Committee GOAL. Identifying ‘well-controlled’ and ‘not well-controlled’ asthma using the asthma control questionnaire. Respir Med 2006; 100: 616– 21.
41) Hew M, McDonald VM, Bardin PG, Chung LP, Farah CS, Barnard A et al. Cumulative dispensing of high oral corticosteroid doses for treating asthma in Australia. Med J Aust 2020; 213: 316– 20.
42) Wilson AM, Dempsey OJ, Sims EJ, et al. Evaluation of salmeterol or montelukast as second-line therapy for asthma not controlled with inhaled corticosteroids. Chest2001;119:1021–6.
43) Lipworth BJ, Dempsey OJ, Aziz I, et al. Effects of adding a leukotriene antagonist or a long-acting beta(2)-agonist in asthmatic patients with the glycine-16 beta(2)-adrenoceptor genotype. Am J Med2000;109:114–21.
44) Pollard SJ, Spector SL, Yancey SW, et al. Salmeterol versus theophylline in the treatment of asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol1997;78:457–64.
45) Evans DJ, Taylor DA, Zetterstrom O, et al. A comparison of low-dose inhaled budesonide plus theophylline and high-dose inhaled budesonide for moderate asthma. N Engl J Med1997;337:1412–18.
46) Ukena D, Harnest U, Sakalauskas R, et al. Comparison of addition of theophylline to inhaled steroid with doubling of the dose of inhaled steroid in asthma. Eur Respir J1997;10:2754–60.
47) Lim S, Jatakanon A, Gordon D, et al. Comparison of high dose inhaled steroids, low dose inhaled steroids plus low dose theophylline, and low dose inhaled steroids alone in chronic asthma in general practice. Thorax2000;55:837–41.
48) Sullivan P, Bekir S, Jaffar Z, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of low-dose oral theophylline in atopic asthma. Lancet1994;343:1006–8.
49) Barnes PJ, Jonsson B, Klim JB. The costs of asthma. Eur Respir J1996;9:636–42.
50) Hanania NA, Alpan O, Hamilos DL, Condemi JJ, Reyes-Rivera I, Zhu J et al. In severe allergic asthma inadequately controlled with standard therapy: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2011; 154: 573– 82.
51) Ortega HG, Yancey SW, Mayer B, Gunsoy NB, Keene ON, Bleecker ER et al. Severe eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab stratified by baseline eosinophil thresholds: a secondary analysis of the DREAM and MENSA studies. Lancet Respir Med 2016; 4: 549– 56.
52) Bleecker ER, FitzGerald JM, Chanez P, Papi A, Weinstein SF, Barker P et al. Efficacy and safety of benralizumab for patients with severe asthma uncontrolled with high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists (SIROCCO): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2016; 388: 2115– 27.
53) Correns J, Parnes JR, Wang L et al. Tezepelumab in adults with uncontrolled asthma. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 936– 46.
54) Castro M, Rubin AS, Laviolette M, Fiterman J, De Andrade LM, Shah PL et al. Effectiveness and safety of bronchial thermoplasty in the treatment of severe asthma: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181: 116– 24.
55) Expert Panel Working Group of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) administered and coordinated National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee (NAEPPCC), Cloutier MM, Baptist AP, Blake KV, Brooks EG, Bryant-Stephens T et al. 2020 Focused Updates to the Asthma Management Guidelines: a report from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146: 1217– 70.
56) Virchow JC, Backer V, Kuna P, Prieto L, Nolte H, Villesen HH et al. Efficacy of a house dust mite sublingual allergen immunotherapy tablet in adults with allergic asthma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016; 315: 1715– 25.
57) O'Hehir RE, Varese NP, Deckert K, Zubrinich CM, van Zelm MC, Rolland JM et al. Epidemic thunderstorm asthma protection with five-grass pollen tablet sublingual immunotherapy: a clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198: 126– 8.
58) Harun NS, Lachapelle P, Douglass J. Thunderstorm-triggered asthma: what we know so far. J Asthma Allergy 2019; 6: 101– 8.
59) Chatelier J, Chan S, Tan JA, Stewart AG, Douglass JA. Managing exacerbations in thunderstorm asthma: current insights. J Inflamm Res 2021; 8: 4537– 50.
60) Adir Y, Saliba W, Beurnier A, Humbert M. Asthma and COVID-19: an update. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30: 210152.
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Feb 7, 2023
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Mohammed Sami Bijle, Niraj Vyawahare, & Pavankumar Wankhade. (2023). RECENT THERAPEUTIC APPROCHES IN MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(3), 1029-1039. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i3.5459
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Author Biographies
Mohammed Sami Bijle
Dr. D Y Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi Pune, Maharashtra 411044
Niraj Vyawahare
Dr. D Y Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi Pune, Maharashtra 411044
Pavankumar Wankhade
Dr. D Y Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi Pune, Maharashtra 411044.
How to Cite
Mohammed Sami Bijle, Niraj Vyawahare, & Pavankumar Wankhade. (2023). RECENT THERAPEUTIC APPROCHES IN MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(3), 1029-1039. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i3.5459