ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF Mucuna Pruriens: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE
Main Article Content
Keywords
Velvet bean, Medicinal plant, l-DOPA, Parkinsonism, Antioxidant, Phytochemical
Abstract
Background: Velvet bean scientifically named as Mucuna pruriens belonging to Fabaceae family is a native to tropical regions especially Asia, West Indies, Africa and many parts of America. They are excellent source of nutritional and phytochemical components which hold their potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development.
Main body:
This review will apprise about the bioactive principles of Mucuna pruriens which holds restorative quality making it a valuable component in pharmaceutical research and therapeutic application. The bean is an wonderful source of l-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine) along with substantially high content of protein and starch exhibiting several medicinal and therapeutic properties. This herb is known to exhibit properties like anti-Parkinson, Anti-cholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-venom, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, aphrodisiac, antioxidant, and many others due to its extensive phytochemical profile including high contents of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, reducing sugars and tannins which open a boulevard of pharmaceutical applications.
Conclusion:
Diversity of active principles and significant amount of l-DOPA shows its functionality in various therapeutic areas and this study will certainly fill in the knowledge gaps of Mucuna pruriens and will help to explore potential of this plant against many other diseases like epilepsy, its application as a food resource, its nutritive and anti-nutritive or harmful principles so that it can be used as an adjunct with various therapeutic approaches.
Background:
Traditional medicine has been benevolent in treating a variety of diseases and disorders and aids in meeting the global healthcare needs. Mucuna pruriens is commonly known as Velvet bean because of the unique properties is commonly identified as Kawaanch in Hindi and cowitch in English and has enormous restorative and therapeutic properties. Our objective is to elucidate the therapeutic potential of this plant which will prove to be substantial in incorporation of Plant based medicines in management of various diseases.
References
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35. Siddhuraju P, Becker K. Studies on antioxidant activities of mucuna seed (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) extract and various non-protein amino/imino acids through in vitro models. J Sci Food Agr. 2003;83:1517–24.
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39. Tripathi YB, Upadhyay AK. Antioxidant property of MucunapruriensLinn. Curr Sci. 2001;80:1377–8.
40. Rajeshwar Y, Gupta M, Mzumder UK. In vitro lipid peroxidation and antimicrobial activity of Mucunapruriensseeds. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2005;4(1):32–5.
41. Tripathi YB, Upadhyay AK. Effect of the alcohol extract of the seeds of Mucuna pruriens on free radicals and oxidative stress in albino rats. Phytother Res [Internet]. 2002;16(6):534–8.
42. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Chakraborti S, Rath N, Bhawal SR. Antiepileptic, and anticancer activity of some indigenous plants. Indian J Physiol Allied Sci. 1997;51(2):53–6.
43. Rajeshwar Y, Gupta M, Mazumder UK. Antitumour activity and in vitro antioxidant status of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice. Iranian Journal of pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2005;4(1):46–53.
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53. Ogundare AO, Olorunfemi OB. Antimicrobial Efficacy of the Leaves of Dioclea reflexa, Mucuna pruriens, Ficus asperifolia and Tragia spathulata. Research Journal of Microbiology. 2007;2:392–6.
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2. Pathania R, Khan H, Kaushik R, Khan MA. Essential oil nanoemulsions and their antimicrobial and food applications. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci J [Internet]. 2018;6(3):626–43.
3. Chawla P, Bhandari L, Sadh PK, Kaushik R. Impact of solidstate fermentation (Aspergillus oryzae) on functional properties and mineral bioavailability of black-eyed pea (Vigna unguiculata) Seed Flour. Cereal Chem. 2017;94(3):437–42.
4. Capo-Chichi LJ, Eilitta M, Carsky RJ, Gilbert RA, Maasdorp B. Effect of genotype and environment on l-dopa concentration in Mucunas (Mucuna sp). Seeds Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst. 2003;1:319–28.
5. The Wealth of India. Raw materials Vol. 6, (CSIR, New Delhi, 1985) pp. 442.
6. Deokar G, Kakulte H, Kshirsagar S. Phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of Mucuna pruriens a review. Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations. 2016;3(1):50–9.
7. Quality Standards of Indian medicinal plants,2003:136
8. Fung SY, Tan NH, Sim SM, Marinello E, Guerranti R, Aguiyi JC. Mucuna pruriens Linn. seed extract pretreatment protects against cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular depressant effects of Naja sputatrix (Javan spitting cobra) venom in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 2011;49(4):254–9.
9. Muralia S, Pathak AK. Database of medicinal plant used in ayurveda. Medicinal and aromatic plants cultivation and uses. 2003;185–7.
10. Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian medicinal plants. Compendium of Indian medicinal plants. 1994;5.
11. Farooqi AA, Sree Ramu BS. Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops. New Delhi: Universities Press; 2001.
12. Avoseh ON, Ogunwande IA, Ojenike GO, Mtunzi FM. Volatile composition, toxicity, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Mucuna pruriens. Nat Prod Commun [Internet]. 2020;15(7):1934578X2093232.
13. Taylor L. Technical Data Report For Velvet Bean MucunaPruriens, Pre Printed From Herbal Secrets Of The Rainforest. By Leslie Taylor Published and Copyrighted By Sage Press, Inc; 2003.
14. Cilia R, Laguna J, Cassani E, Cereda E, Pozzi NG, Isaias IU, et al. Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson disease: A double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover study. Neurology [Internet]. 2017;89(5):432–8.
15. Panikkar KR, Majella VL, Pillai PM. Lecithin from Mucuna pruriens. Planta Med [Internet]. 1987;53(5):503.
16. Mucuna P. Constituents, Traditional And Modern Medicinal Uses. Vol. 7. Totowa, NJ: Ivan A. Ross © Humana Press Inc;
17. Natarajan K, Narayanan N, Ravichandran N. Review On “Mucuna” - The Wonder Plant. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2012;17(1):86–93.
18. Bell EA, Janzen DH. Medical and ecological considerations of L-Dopa and 5- HTP in seeds. Nature. 1971;136–7.
19. Dhamodharan M, Ramasamy R. Isolation of 1-3, 4 dihydroxy phenylalanine from the seeds of Mucunapruriens. Biochem J. 1937;31:2149–52.
20. Duke. Phytochemical database, Available at: http://www.raintree.com/db/Mucuna - pruriens -phytochem.htm. Accessed- January 10, 2007.
21. Szabo NJ. Indolealkylamines in Mucuna species. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst. 2003;1:295–307.
22. Suresh S, Prithiviraj E, Prakash S. Dose-and time-dependent effects of ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens Linn. Seed on sexual behaviour of normal male rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;122:497–501.
23. Amin YMN, Rehman ZS, Khan NA. Sexual function improving effect of M. pruriens in sexually normal male rats. Fitoterapia. 1996;67:53–8.
24. Rajendran V, Joseph T, David J. M. pruriens decreases sexual activity in female rats. Indian Drugs. 1997;34(3):136–9.
25. Chauhan NS, Sharma V, Dixit VK, Thakur M. A review on plants used for improvement of sexual performance and virility. Biomed Res Int [Internet]. 2014;2014:868062.
26. Gupta A, Mahdi AA, Ahmad MK, Shukla KK, Bansal N, Jaiswer SP, et al. A proton NMR study of the effect of Mucuna pruriens on seminal plasma metabolites of infertile males. J Pharm Biomed Anal [Internet]. 2011;55(5):1060–6.
27. Shukla KK, Mahdi AA, Ahmad MK, Jaiswar SP, Shankwar SN, Sc T. -Mucuna pruriens Reduces Stress and Improves the Quality of Semen in Infertile Men‖ Evid Based. Complement Alternat Med. 2010;7(1):137–44.
28. Sekar S, Elumalai P, Seppan P. Dose- and time-dependent effects of ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens Linn. seed on sexual behaviour of normal male rats. J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]. 2009;122(3):497–501.
29. Ahmad MK, Mahdi AA, Shukla KK, Islam N, Jaiswar SP, Ahmad S. Effect of Mucuna pruriens on semen profile and biochemical parameters in seminal plasma of infertile men. Fertil Steril [Internet]. 2008;90(3):627–35.
30. Shukla KK, Mahdi AA, Ahmad MK, Shankhwar SN, Rajender S, Jaiswar SP. Mucuna pruriens improves male fertility by its action on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Fertil Steril [Internet]. 2009;92(6):1934–40.
31. Singh AP, Sarkar S, Tripathi M, Rajender S. Mucuna pruriens and its major constituent L-DOPA recover spermatogenic loss by combating ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. PLoS One [Internet]. 2013;8(1):e54655.
32. Kavitha, Thangamani C. Amazing Bean “MucunaPruriens”: A Comprehensive Review. Journal Of Medicinal Plants Research. 2014;8(2):138–43.
33. Singh AP, Sarkar S, Tripathi M, Rajender S. Mucuna pruriens and Its Major Constituent L-DOPA Recover Spermatogenic Loss by Combating ROS, Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Apoptosis. Advanced search. 2013.
34. Muthu. Evaluation of androgenic activity of Mucuna pruriens in male rats. Afr J Biotechnol [Internet]. 2011;10(66).
35. Siddhuraju P, Becker K. Studies on antioxidant activities of mucuna seed (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) extract and various non-protein amino/imino acids through in vitro models. J Sci Food Agr. 2003;83:1517–24.
36. Bravo L, Siddhuraju P, Saura-Calixto F. Effect of various processing methods on the in vitrostarch digestibility and resistant starch content of Indian pulses. J Agric Food Chem. 1998;46:4667–74.
37. Beta T, Nam S, Dexter JE, Sapirstein HD. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of pearled wheat and roller-milled fractions. Cereal Chem. 2005;82:390–3.
38. Kumar DS, Muthu Kottai A, Smith AA, Manavalan R. In vitro antioxidant activity of various extracts of whole plant of Mucuna pruriens (Linn). Int J Pharm Tech Res. 2010;2:2063–70.
39. Tripathi YB, Upadhyay AK. Antioxidant property of MucunapruriensLinn. Curr Sci. 2001;80:1377–8.
40. Rajeshwar Y, Gupta M, Mzumder UK. In vitro lipid peroxidation and antimicrobial activity of Mucunapruriensseeds. Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2005;4(1):32–5.
41. Tripathi YB, Upadhyay AK. Effect of the alcohol extract of the seeds of Mucuna pruriens on free radicals and oxidative stress in albino rats. Phytother Res [Internet]. 2002;16(6):534–8.
42. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Chakraborti S, Rath N, Bhawal SR. Antiepileptic, and anticancer activity of some indigenous plants. Indian J Physiol Allied Sci. 1997;51(2):53–6.
43. Rajeshwar Y, Gupta M, Mazumder UK. Antitumour activity and in vitro antioxidant status of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice. Iranian Journal of pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2005;4(1):46–53.
44. Majekodunmi SO, Oyagbemi AA, Umukoro S, Odeku OA. Evaluation of the anti–diabetic properties of Mucuna pruriens seed extract. Asian Pac J Trop Med [Internet]. 2011;4(8):632–6.
45. Bhaskar A, Vidhya VG, Ramya M. Hypoglycemic effect of Mucuna pruriens seed extract on normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. Fitoterapia. 2008;79:539–43.
46. Bhaskar A, Nithya V, Vidhya VG. Phytochemical evaluation by GC-MS and antihyperglycemic activity of Mucuna pruriens on Streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. J Chem Pharm Res. 2011;3(5):689–96.
47. Vadivel V, Janardhanan K. Nutritional and antinutritional composition of velvet bean: an underutilized food legume in South India. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2000;51:279–87.
48. Horbowicz M, Brenac P, Obendorf RL. Fagopyritol B1, O -α- D -galactopyranosyl-(1→2)- D - chiro -inositol, a galactosyl cyclitol in maturing buckwheat seeds associated with desiccation tolerance. Planta [Internet]. 1998;205(1):1–11.
49. Akhtar MS, Qureshi AQ, Iqbal J. Antidiabetic evaluation of Mucuna pruriens . Linn seeds. JPMA. 1990;40:147–50.
50. Rajeshwar Y, Gupta M, Mazumder UK. In Vitro Lipid Peroxidation and Antimicrobial Activity of Mucuna pruriens Seeds [Internet]. Org.br. 2005 [cited 2023 Sep 10].
51. Verma SC, Vashishth E, Singh R, Pant P, Padhi MM, Subash C. A review on phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of parts of Mucuna pruriens used as an ayurvedic medicine [Internet]. Amazonaws.com. [cited 2023 Sep 10].
52. Murugan M, Mohan VR. Antibacterial activity of Mucuna pruriens (L.) Dc. var. pruriens - an Ethnomedicinal Plant. Sci Res Rept. 2011;1(2):69–72.
53. Ogundare AO, Olorunfemi OB. Antimicrobial Efficacy of the Leaves of Dioclea reflexa, Mucuna pruriens, Ficus asperifolia and Tragia spathulata. Research Journal of Microbiology. 2007;2:392–6.
54. Rayavarapu K, Kaladhar D. Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Activity Of Mucuna Pruriens On Plant Pathogens. Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2011;(2):593–600.
55. Ekanem AP, Obiekezie A, Kloas W, Knopf K. Effects of crude extracts of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) and Carica papaya (Caricaceae) against the protozoan fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Parasitol Res [Internet]. 2004;92(5):361–6.
56. Guerranti R, Aguiyi JC, Neri S, Leoncini R, Pagani R, Marinello E. Proteins from Mucuna pruriens and enzymes from Echis carinatus venom: characterization and cross-reactions. J Biol Chem [Internet]. 2002;277(19):17072–8.
57. Aguiyi JC, Guerranti R, Pagani R, Marinello E. Blood chemistry of rats pretreated with Mucuna pruriens seed aqueous extract MP101UJ after Echis carinatus venom challenge. Phytother Res [Internet]. 2001;15(8):712–4.
58. Guerranti R, Aguiyi JC, Errico E, Pagani R, Marinello E. Effects of Mucuna pruriens extract on activation of prothrombin by Echis carinatus venom. J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]. 2001;75(2–3):175–80.
59. Guerranti R, Aguiyi JC, Ogueli IG, Onorati G, Neri S, Rosati F, et al. Protection of Mucuna pruriens seeds against Echis carinatus venom is exerted through a multiform glycoprotein whose oligosaccharide chains are functional in this role. Biochem Biophys Res Commun [Internet]. 2004;323(2):484–90.
60. Eze JI, Ndukwe S. Effect of methanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens seed on the immune response of mice. Comp Clin Path [Internet]. 2012;21(6):1343–7.
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Mar 19, 2024
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Kajal Kiran, & Rupesh Kumar Pandey. (2024). ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF Mucuna Pruriens: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 1184-1194. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i3.5101
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Author Biographies
Kajal Kiran
Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy (KSCP), Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
Rupesh Kumar Pandey
Department of Pharmacology, Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy (KSCP), Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
How to Cite
Kajal Kiran, & Rupesh Kumar Pandey. (2024). ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF Mucuna Pruriens: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 1184-1194. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i3.5101