AGE-RELATED TRENDS IN HOSPITALIZATIONS: A OMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION CASES IN PUNJAB
Main Article Content
Keywords
Hypertension, Hospitalizations, Punjab
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to analyze hospitalizations related to essential arterial hypertension in the province of Punjab, Pakistan during the year 2023.
Methodology: Conducted as a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective, and descriptive epidemiological study, the research adopts a quantitative approach utilizing secondary data.
Results and Discussion: In 2023, a total of 802 hospitalizations were reported in punjab due to essential arterial hypertension. Among these, 336 (41.90%) involved male patients, while 466 (58.10%) involved female patients. Classification based on the nature of treatments revealed 40 elective hospitalizations (pre-scheduled) and 762 urgent hospitalizations (unplanned). The majority of hospitalizations occurred in the age group of 60 years or older (470 hospitalizations). Patients of mixed race accounted for the highest number of hospitalizations (252). Specific health regions, namely Northeast II, North, and Saint Patrick II, demonstrated elevated rates of hospitalizations for essential arterial hypertension.
Conclusion: The findings emphasize the significance of formulating public policies focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of arterial hypertension. Particularly, targeted efforts are warranted in regions exhibiting higher prevalence and an increased risk of hospital admissions due to essential arterial hypertension.
References
1. AGZAMOVA, S., & TASHENOVA, G. (2023). THERAPY AND PREVENTION METHODS FOR ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. Novateur Publications, 10, 1-73.
2. Andini, E. A., & Dewangga, R. (2024). Risk Factors of In-Hospital Mortality of Ischemic Stroke Patients in Gunung Jati General Hospital. Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research, 8(2), 3965-3969.
3. Beliero, A. M., Lázaro, A. P. P., Zaranza, M. d. S., Lima, G. M. C., Guimarães, Á. R., Aragão, N. L., . . . Silva Júnior, G. B. d. (2024). ELMO CPAP: an innovative type of ventilatory support for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 49, e20230227.
4. Beyls, C., Hermida, A., Martin, N., Peschanski, J., Debrigode, R., Vialatte, A., . . . Landemaine, T. (2024). Prognostic value of proper ventricular longitudinal shortening fraction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a prospective echocardiography study. The American Journal of Cardiology, 211, 79-88.
5. Cueto-Robledo, G., Tovar-Benitez, D., Alfaro-Cruz, A., & Gonzalez-Hermosillo, L.-M. (2024). Systemic Scleroderma: Review and Updated Approach and Case Description to Addressing Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-A Dual Challenge in Treatment. Current Problems in Cardiology, 102404.
6. Cui, Z., Qiu, Z., Cheng, W., Hu, W., Ma, G., Cai, X., . . . Li, Y. (2024). Efficacy and safety of olmesartan medoxomil‑amlodipine besylate tablets (Sevikar®) in older patients with essential hypertension: Subgroup analysis from the Sevikar study. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 27(2), 1-10.
7. da Costa, M. M., Lima Sousa, A. L., Correia, M. C., Inuzuka, S., Costa, T. O., Vitorino, P., . . . Barroso, W. K. S. (2023). Intracranial Pressure Waveform in Patients with Essential Hypertension Running Head-Intracranial Pressure Waveform in Hypertension. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10, 1288080.
8. de Lima, N. X., da Silva, R. C., Vieira, F. V. M., Guimarães, J. V., de Matos, M. A., & Cavalcante, A. M. R. Z. Self-care Level of Adults With Arterial Hypertension in Outpatient Follow-up in Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 10.1097.
9. de Sequera, P., Bover, R., Ivanova-Markova, Y., Ivanova, A., González-Domínguez, A., Valls, M., & Campos, V. (2024). Economic impact of the use of patiromer in chronic kidney disease or heart failure for the treatment of chronic hyperkalemia in Spain. Nefrología (English Edition).
10. dos Santos Ferreira Silva, M. P., Ferreira, M. J., Shecaira, T. P., da Silva Dias, D., Kimura, D. C., Irigoyen, M. C., . . . De Angelis, K. (2024). Impact of exercise training associated with enalapril treatment on blood pressure variability and renal dysfunctions in an experimental model of arterial hypertension and postmenopause. PLoS ONE, 19(1), e0296687.
11. Gutenschwager, D. W., Patel, A., Soyad, A. T., Patel, S., Szandzik, E. G., Kelly, B., & Smith, Z. R. (2024). Provision of ambrisentan from a health-system specialty pharmacy affiliated with a pulmonary hypertension Center of Comprehensive Care. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 81(2), 66-73.
12. Huang, Z., Duan, A., Zhao, Z., Zhao, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, X., . . . Luo, Q. (2024). Sleep-disordered breathing patterns and prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension: A cluster analysis of nocturnal cardiorespiratory signals. Sleep Medicine, 113, 61-69.
13. Jian, B., Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Li, G., Yang, S., Fu, G., . . . Wu, Z. (2024). Postoperative Dipping Patterns of Mean Arterial Pressure and Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research, 1-11.
14. Juraschek, S. P., Cortez, M. M., Flack, J. M., Ghazi, L., Kenny, R. A., Rahman, M., . . . Hypertension, A. H. A. C. o. (2024). Orthostatic Hypotension in Adults With Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension.
15. Khan, H. A., Iqbal, S., Ahmed, F., Shah, S., & Ahmad, A. (2024). Microalbuminuria as a risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases in essential hypertension-a case control study. The Professional Medical Journal, 31(01), 34-37.
16. Kisters, K., Groeber, U., & Kisters, L. (2023). INCREASED IONIZED CALCIUM-MAGNESIUM RATIO IN ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVES. Journal of Hypertension, 41(1), e98-e99.
17. Kohjitani, H., Koshimizu, H., Nakamura, K., & Okuno, Y. (2024). Recent developments in machine learning modeling methods for hypertension treatment. Hypertension Research, 1-8.
18. Kramer, T., Nattmann, P., Gerhardt, F., Stafiej, P., Dumitrescu, D., Ten Freyhaus, H., . . . Rosenkranz, S. (2024). Impact of rapid sequential combination therapy on distinct haemodynamic measures in newly diagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension. ESC Heart Failure.
19. Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Tomer, S. S., & Bedi, A. (2024). To Study the Prescription Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital Moradabad (UP). International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR), 15(1), 88-96.
20. Kumar, S., Biswas, L., Pushkaran, A. C., & Kumar, R. K. (2024). BMPR2 mutation and clinical response to imatinib in a case of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulmonary Circulation, 14(1), e12335.
21. Lan, C., Fang, G., Qiu, C., Li, X., Yang, F., & Yang, Y. (2024). Inhibition of DYRK1A attenuates vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension via suppressing STAT3/Pim-1/NFAT pathway. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 46(1), 2297642.
22. Lan, W.-F., Deng, Y., Dai, P., Wu, D.-d., Hu, J., Liao, J., & Meng, H. (2024). Right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling ratio derived from 3-dimensional echocardiography predicts outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. Lupus, 09612033231226352.
23. Li, W., Zhang, X.-c., Qian, Y.-l., Chen, X.-x., Quan, R.-l., Yang, T., . . . He, J.-g. (2024). Biventricular intraventricular mechanical and electrical dyssynchrony in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heliyon, 10(1).
24. Murray‐Torres, R. M., Chilson, K., & Sharma, A. (2024). Anesthetic management of children with medically refractory pulmonary hypertension undergoing surgical Potts shunt. Pediatric Anesthesia, 34(1), 79-85.
25. Okhotin, A., Barchuk, A., Osipov, V., & Osipov, M. (2024). Practice of cardioversion in a community hospital: feasibility, safety and immediate effectiveness.
26. Saadeh, R., Abu Jaber, B., Alzuqaili, T., Ghura, S., Al-Ajlouny, T., & Saadeh, A. M. (2024). The relationship of atrial fibrillation with left atrial size in patients with essential hypertension. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1250.
27. Sousa, R. B. N. d., Nascimento, L. R. S. d., Costa, L. H. A., Leite, V. R. M. C., Borges, C. L., Deus, J. M. d., . . . Pedrino, G. R. (2023). Combinatorial analysis of ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms reveals protection against COVID-19 worsening: A genetic association study in Pakistani patients. PLoS ONE, 18(11), e0288178.
28. Suanrueang, P. (2024). A comparison of the disease occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive diseases, and ischaemic heart diseases among hospitalized older adults in Thailand. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 123.
29. Surma, S., & Oparil, S. (2024). Zilebesiran—the first siRNA-based drug in hypertensiology: why is it needed, and will it change the treatment approach of hypertension? Arterial Hypertension.
30. Uddin, N., Ashraf, M. T., Sam, S. J., Sohail, A., Ismail, S. M., Paladini, A., . . . Kumar, S. (2024). Treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension With Sotatercept: A Meta-Analysis. Cureus, 16(1).
31. Wagaye, M., Kumar, P., Yimam, W., Seid, F., Anteneh, S., Girma, M., . . . Debebe, Z. (2024). Factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at Enat General Hospital, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2021. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 20, 100641.
32. Wang, C., Deng, X., Li, L., & Li, M. (2024). Maternally Inherited Essential Hypertension May Be Associated with the Mutations in Mitochondrial tRNAGlu Gene. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, 13-26.
33. Wang, H., Huang, Z., Du, C., & Dong, M. (2024). Iron Dysregulation in Cardiovascular Diseases. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, 25(1), 16.
34. Wang, J., Liu, J., Tao, X., Xie, W., Wang, S., Zhang, S., . . . Zhang, Y. (2024). Safety and efficacy of balloon pulmonary angioplasty for technically operable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary Circulation, 14(1), e12327.
35. Wikananda, I., Nurcahya, I., Wijaya, P. G. P. M., Widiana, I., & Sindhughosa, D. A. (2024). Effects of Nebivolol therapy on hemodynamic parameters and lipid profile compared to other beta blockers in patients with essential hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
36. Wyss, F., Barrios, V., Méndez, M., Ramos, S., Gonzalez, Á., Ortiz, H., . . . Franco, C. E. (2024). Central American and Caribbean Consensus Document for the Optimal Management of Oral Anticoagulation in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Endorsed by the Central American and Caribbean Society of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(2), 314.
37. Xiong, J., Peng, Y., Li, J., Cai, S., & Wu, R. (2024). Total iron binding capacity: an independent predictor of prognosis for pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 53(1), 44-48.
38. Yang, L., Lu, Z., Bian, J., Li, F., & Zou, H. (2024). Association between chronic viral infection‐related hospitalization and risk of cardiovascular disease: A population‐based cohort study. Journal of Medical Virology, 96(1), e29350.
39. Yang, Y., Li, X., Wang, P., Shu, S., Liu, B., Liang, Y., . . . Liu, Z. (2024). The significance of dynamic monitoring plasma TMAO level in pulmonary arterial hypertension–a cohort study. Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, 18, 17534666231224692.
2. Andini, E. A., & Dewangga, R. (2024). Risk Factors of In-Hospital Mortality of Ischemic Stroke Patients in Gunung Jati General Hospital. Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research, 8(2), 3965-3969.
3. Beliero, A. M., Lázaro, A. P. P., Zaranza, M. d. S., Lima, G. M. C., Guimarães, Á. R., Aragão, N. L., . . . Silva Júnior, G. B. d. (2024). ELMO CPAP: an innovative type of ventilatory support for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 49, e20230227.
4. Beyls, C., Hermida, A., Martin, N., Peschanski, J., Debrigode, R., Vialatte, A., . . . Landemaine, T. (2024). Prognostic value of proper ventricular longitudinal shortening fraction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a prospective echocardiography study. The American Journal of Cardiology, 211, 79-88.
5. Cueto-Robledo, G., Tovar-Benitez, D., Alfaro-Cruz, A., & Gonzalez-Hermosillo, L.-M. (2024). Systemic Scleroderma: Review and Updated Approach and Case Description to Addressing Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-A Dual Challenge in Treatment. Current Problems in Cardiology, 102404.
6. Cui, Z., Qiu, Z., Cheng, W., Hu, W., Ma, G., Cai, X., . . . Li, Y. (2024). Efficacy and safety of olmesartan medoxomil‑amlodipine besylate tablets (Sevikar®) in older patients with essential hypertension: Subgroup analysis from the Sevikar study. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 27(2), 1-10.
7. da Costa, M. M., Lima Sousa, A. L., Correia, M. C., Inuzuka, S., Costa, T. O., Vitorino, P., . . . Barroso, W. K. S. (2023). Intracranial Pressure Waveform in Patients with Essential Hypertension Running Head-Intracranial Pressure Waveform in Hypertension. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10, 1288080.
8. de Lima, N. X., da Silva, R. C., Vieira, F. V. M., Guimarães, J. V., de Matos, M. A., & Cavalcante, A. M. R. Z. Self-care Level of Adults With Arterial Hypertension in Outpatient Follow-up in Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 10.1097.
9. de Sequera, P., Bover, R., Ivanova-Markova, Y., Ivanova, A., González-Domínguez, A., Valls, M., & Campos, V. (2024). Economic impact of the use of patiromer in chronic kidney disease or heart failure for the treatment of chronic hyperkalemia in Spain. Nefrología (English Edition).
10. dos Santos Ferreira Silva, M. P., Ferreira, M. J., Shecaira, T. P., da Silva Dias, D., Kimura, D. C., Irigoyen, M. C., . . . De Angelis, K. (2024). Impact of exercise training associated with enalapril treatment on blood pressure variability and renal dysfunctions in an experimental model of arterial hypertension and postmenopause. PLoS ONE, 19(1), e0296687.
11. Gutenschwager, D. W., Patel, A., Soyad, A. T., Patel, S., Szandzik, E. G., Kelly, B., & Smith, Z. R. (2024). Provision of ambrisentan from a health-system specialty pharmacy affiliated with a pulmonary hypertension Center of Comprehensive Care. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 81(2), 66-73.
12. Huang, Z., Duan, A., Zhao, Z., Zhao, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, X., . . . Luo, Q. (2024). Sleep-disordered breathing patterns and prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension: A cluster analysis of nocturnal cardiorespiratory signals. Sleep Medicine, 113, 61-69.
13. Jian, B., Liu, H., Zhang, Y., Li, G., Yang, S., Fu, G., . . . Wu, Z. (2024). Postoperative Dipping Patterns of Mean Arterial Pressure and Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research, 1-11.
14. Juraschek, S. P., Cortez, M. M., Flack, J. M., Ghazi, L., Kenny, R. A., Rahman, M., . . . Hypertension, A. H. A. C. o. (2024). Orthostatic Hypotension in Adults With Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension.
15. Khan, H. A., Iqbal, S., Ahmed, F., Shah, S., & Ahmad, A. (2024). Microalbuminuria as a risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases in essential hypertension-a case control study. The Professional Medical Journal, 31(01), 34-37.
16. Kisters, K., Groeber, U., & Kisters, L. (2023). INCREASED IONIZED CALCIUM-MAGNESIUM RATIO IN ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVES. Journal of Hypertension, 41(1), e98-e99.
17. Kohjitani, H., Koshimizu, H., Nakamura, K., & Okuno, Y. (2024). Recent developments in machine learning modeling methods for hypertension treatment. Hypertension Research, 1-8.
18. Kramer, T., Nattmann, P., Gerhardt, F., Stafiej, P., Dumitrescu, D., Ten Freyhaus, H., . . . Rosenkranz, S. (2024). Impact of rapid sequential combination therapy on distinct haemodynamic measures in newly diagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension. ESC Heart Failure.
19. Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Tomer, S. S., & Bedi, A. (2024). To Study the Prescription Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital Moradabad (UP). International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR), 15(1), 88-96.
20. Kumar, S., Biswas, L., Pushkaran, A. C., & Kumar, R. K. (2024). BMPR2 mutation and clinical response to imatinib in a case of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulmonary Circulation, 14(1), e12335.
21. Lan, C., Fang, G., Qiu, C., Li, X., Yang, F., & Yang, Y. (2024). Inhibition of DYRK1A attenuates vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension via suppressing STAT3/Pim-1/NFAT pathway. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 46(1), 2297642.
22. Lan, W.-F., Deng, Y., Dai, P., Wu, D.-d., Hu, J., Liao, J., & Meng, H. (2024). Right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling ratio derived from 3-dimensional echocardiography predicts outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. Lupus, 09612033231226352.
23. Li, W., Zhang, X.-c., Qian, Y.-l., Chen, X.-x., Quan, R.-l., Yang, T., . . . He, J.-g. (2024). Biventricular intraventricular mechanical and electrical dyssynchrony in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heliyon, 10(1).
24. Murray‐Torres, R. M., Chilson, K., & Sharma, A. (2024). Anesthetic management of children with medically refractory pulmonary hypertension undergoing surgical Potts shunt. Pediatric Anesthesia, 34(1), 79-85.
25. Okhotin, A., Barchuk, A., Osipov, V., & Osipov, M. (2024). Practice of cardioversion in a community hospital: feasibility, safety and immediate effectiveness.
26. Saadeh, R., Abu Jaber, B., Alzuqaili, T., Ghura, S., Al-Ajlouny, T., & Saadeh, A. M. (2024). The relationship of atrial fibrillation with left atrial size in patients with essential hypertension. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1250.
27. Sousa, R. B. N. d., Nascimento, L. R. S. d., Costa, L. H. A., Leite, V. R. M. C., Borges, C. L., Deus, J. M. d., . . . Pedrino, G. R. (2023). Combinatorial analysis of ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms reveals protection against COVID-19 worsening: A genetic association study in Pakistani patients. PLoS ONE, 18(11), e0288178.
28. Suanrueang, P. (2024). A comparison of the disease occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive diseases, and ischaemic heart diseases among hospitalized older adults in Thailand. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 123.
29. Surma, S., & Oparil, S. (2024). Zilebesiran—the first siRNA-based drug in hypertensiology: why is it needed, and will it change the treatment approach of hypertension? Arterial Hypertension.
30. Uddin, N., Ashraf, M. T., Sam, S. J., Sohail, A., Ismail, S. M., Paladini, A., . . . Kumar, S. (2024). Treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension With Sotatercept: A Meta-Analysis. Cureus, 16(1).
31. Wagaye, M., Kumar, P., Yimam, W., Seid, F., Anteneh, S., Girma, M., . . . Debebe, Z. (2024). Factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at Enat General Hospital, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2021. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 20, 100641.
32. Wang, C., Deng, X., Li, L., & Li, M. (2024). Maternally Inherited Essential Hypertension May Be Associated with the Mutations in Mitochondrial tRNAGlu Gene. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, 13-26.
33. Wang, H., Huang, Z., Du, C., & Dong, M. (2024). Iron Dysregulation in Cardiovascular Diseases. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, 25(1), 16.
34. Wang, J., Liu, J., Tao, X., Xie, W., Wang, S., Zhang, S., . . . Zhang, Y. (2024). Safety and efficacy of balloon pulmonary angioplasty for technically operable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary Circulation, 14(1), e12327.
35. Wikananda, I., Nurcahya, I., Wijaya, P. G. P. M., Widiana, I., & Sindhughosa, D. A. (2024). Effects of Nebivolol therapy on hemodynamic parameters and lipid profile compared to other beta blockers in patients with essential hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
36. Wyss, F., Barrios, V., Méndez, M., Ramos, S., Gonzalez, Á., Ortiz, H., . . . Franco, C. E. (2024). Central American and Caribbean Consensus Document for the Optimal Management of Oral Anticoagulation in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Endorsed by the Central American and Caribbean Society of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(2), 314.
37. Xiong, J., Peng, Y., Li, J., Cai, S., & Wu, R. (2024). Total iron binding capacity: an independent predictor of prognosis for pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 53(1), 44-48.
38. Yang, L., Lu, Z., Bian, J., Li, F., & Zou, H. (2024). Association between chronic viral infection‐related hospitalization and risk of cardiovascular disease: A population‐based cohort study. Journal of Medical Virology, 96(1), e29350.
39. Yang, Y., Li, X., Wang, P., Shu, S., Liu, B., Liang, Y., . . . Liu, Z. (2024). The significance of dynamic monitoring plasma TMAO level in pulmonary arterial hypertension–a cohort study. Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, 18, 17534666231224692.
Article Sidebar
Published
Mar 19, 2024
Article Details
How to Cite
Shahzara, Ishrat Naveed, Saleemullah, Dr. Komal Kumari, Dr Syeda Nosheen Zehra, & Syed Hyder Raza. (2024). AGE-RELATED TRENDS IN HOSPITALIZATIONS: A OMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION CASES IN PUNJAB. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 1175-1183. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i3.5100
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Author Biographies
Shahzara
M.Phil Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women University Lahore, Pakistan,
Ishrat Naveed
MS Scholar (Nursing), College of Nursing, Armed Forces Post Graduate Medical Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Saleemullah
Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Quetta Institute of Medical Sciences, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
Dr. Komal Kumari
Ziauddin Medical College Karachi, Pakistan.
Dr Syeda Nosheen Zehra
Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat national hospital Karachi, Pakistan
Syed Hyder Raza
Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Niazi Medical and Dental College, Sargodha, Pakistan
How to Cite
Shahzara, Ishrat Naveed, Saleemullah, Dr. Komal Kumari, Dr Syeda Nosheen Zehra, & Syed Hyder Raza. (2024). AGE-RELATED TRENDS IN HOSPITALIZATIONS: A OMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION CASES IN PUNJAB. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(3), 1175-1183. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i3.5100