Nursing Contributions in Operating Room Sterilization: Navigating Challenges in System Enhancement
Main Article Content
Keywords
nurses, sterilization systems, operating rooms, aseptic conditions, patient safety, healthcare-associated infections
Abstract
This research investigate the integral role of nurses in the operating room, specifically focusing on their significant contributions to the enhancement of sterilization systems. In the complex and dynamic environment of surgical care, maintaining stringent sterilization standards is paramount to ensuring patient safety and preventing healthcare-associated infections.The primary objective of this study is to comprehensively analyze and document the diverse responsibilities shouldered by nurses in the context of operating room sterilization. By navigating through the challenges inherent in the sterilization processes, nurses actively contribute to the refinement of systems, thereby influencing the overall quality of patient care
References
Allison, J., & George, M. (2014). Using preoperative assessment and patient instruction to improve patient safety. *AORN Journal, 99*(3), 364–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2013.10.021
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2010). Patient safety in the surgical environment. Committee opinion No. 464. *Obstetrics & Gynecology, 116*, 786–790. ISSN: 1074-861X.
Aspden, P., Corrigan, J. M., Wolcott, J., & Erickson, S. M. (2004). Patient safety reporting systems and applications. In *Patient safety: Achieving a new standard for care*. National Academies Press (US).
Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses. (2005a). AORN guidance statement: Safe on-call practices in perioperative practice settings. *AORN Journal, 81*(5), 1054–1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60473-0
Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses. (2005b). AORN guidance statement: Perioperative staffing. *AORN Journal, 81*(5), 1059–1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60474-2
Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses. (2006). AORN guidance statement: Creating a patient safety culture. *AORN Journal, 83*(4), 936–942. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60012-4
Babbie, E., & Mouton, J. (2001). *The practice of social research: South African edition*. Oxford University Press Southern Africa.
Battié, R., & Steelman, V. M. (2014). Accountability in nursing practice: Why it is important for patient safety. *AORN Journal, 100*(5), 537–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2014.08.008
Benze, C., Spruce, L., & Groah, L. (2021). *Perioperative nursing: Scope and standards of practice*.
Blomberg, A. C., Bisholt, B., & Lindwall, L. (2018). Responsibility for patient care in perioperative practice. *Nursing Open, 5*(3), 414–421. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.153
Boggs, S. D., Tan, D. W., Watkins, C. L., & Tsai, M. H. (2019). OR management and metrics: How it all fits together for the healthcare system. *Journal of Medical Systems, 43*, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-019-1272-y
Brown-Brumfield, D., & Deleon, A. (2010). Adherence to a medication safety protocol: Current practice for labeling medications and solutions on the sterile field. *AORN Journal, 91*(5), 610–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2010.03.002
Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2005). Selecting a quantitative research design. *The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique, and Utilization (5th ed.)*. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders.
Clancy, C. M., Farquhar, M. B., & Sharp, B. A. C. (2005). Patient safety in nursing practice. *Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 20*(3), 193–197. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001786-200507000-00001
Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. Vaile, & M. King (Eds.), *Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology* (pp. 48–71). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Cole, K. M., Viscofsky, N. A., & Ebrahimi, M. (2013). Finding a needle in the dark. *AORN Journal, 98*(5), 532–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2013.08.010
Collins, S. J., Newhouse, R., Porter, J., & Talsma, A. (2014). Effectiveness of the surgical safety checklist in correcting errors: A literature review applying reason’s Swiss cheese model. *AORN Journal, 100*(1), 65–79. e5
Doyle, L., McCabe, C., Keogh, B., Brady, A., & McCann, M. (2020). An overview of the qualitative descriptive design within nursing research. *Journal of Research in Nursing, 25*(5), 443–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987119880234
Edward, K. L., & Welch, T. (2011). The extension of Colaizzi’s method of phenomenological enquiry. *Contemporary Nurse, 39*(2), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2011.163
Flaubert, J. L., Le Menestrel, S., Williams, D. R., Wakefield, M. K. & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2021). The role of nurses in improving health care access and quality. In *The future of nursing 2020–2030: Charting a path to achieve health equity*. National Academies Press (US).
Forero, R., Nahidi, S., De Costa, J., Mohsin, M., Fitzgerald, G., & Gibson, N.,…& P. Aboagye-Sarfo (2018). Application of four-dimension criteria to assess rigour of qualitative research in emergency medicine. *BMC Health Services Research, 18*(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2915-2
Goss, L. K. (2012). Staying up to date on disinfection and sterilization techniques: Brush up on AORN’s recommendations for perioperative practice. *Plastic and Aesthetic Nursing, 32*(3), 112–116. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ORN.0000403418.74883.f8
Graling, P. R., & Sanchez, J. A. (2017). Learning and mindfulness: Improving perioperative patient safety. *AORN Journal, 105*(3), 317–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2017.01.006.
Ingvarsdottir, E., & Halldorsdottir, S. (2018). Enhancing patient safety in the operating theatre: From the perspective of experienced operating theatre nurses. *Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 32*(2), 951–960. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12532
J. C. (2018) *Alexander’s care of the patient in surgery-E-book*. *Elsevier Health Sciences*.
Johnson, M., et al. (2019). Challenges in Sterilization: A Survey of Operating Room Nurses. Journal of Healthcare Quality, 41(2), 67-82.
Jones, A., & Brown, C. (2020). Enhancing Sterilization Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide for Operating Room Nurses. Journal of Perioperative Nursing, 32(4), 178-192.
Kelvered, M., Öhlén, J., & Gustafsson, B. Å. (2012). Operating theatre nurses’ experience of patient-related, intraoperative nursing care. *Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 26*(3), 449–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00947.x
Lee, T. (2016). Specimen labelling errors just don't cut it in the operating room/Les erreurs d'etiquetage des prelevements sont tout simplement inacceptables en salle d'operation. *ORNAC Journal, 34*(3), 14–29.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1986). But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. *New Directions for Program Evaluation, 1986*(30), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.1427
Link, T. (2018). Guideline implementation: Team communication: 1.8 www.aornjournal.org/content/cme. *AORN Journal, 108*(2), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1002/aorn.12300
Lobelo, M. I. (2004). Experiences of relapsed psychiatric patients in Mafikeng in the North-West Province. *Doctoral dissertation, University of Johannesburg*.
Malley, A., Kenner, C., Kim, T., & Blakeney, B. (2015). The role of the nurse and the preoperative assessment in patient transitions. *AORN Journal, 102*(2), 181–e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2015.06.004
McDowell, D. S., & McComb, S. A. (2014). Safety checklist briefings: A systematic review of the literature. *AORN Journal, 99*(1), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2013.11.015
McGarry, J. R., Pope, C., & Green, S. M. (2018). Perioperative nursing: Maintaining momentum and staying safe. *Journal of Research in Nursing, 23*(8), 727–739. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987118808835
McGinnis, J. M., Stuckhardt, L., Saunders, R., & Smith, M. (Eds.). (2013). *Best care at lower cost: the path to continuously learning health care in America*. National Academies Press (US).
Merriam-Webster, D. (2018). *America’s Most-Trusted Online Dictionary; 2019*. Available at: www. merriam-webster.com/. Accessed October, 15.
Mitchell, P. H., Armstrong, S., Simpson, T. F., & Lentz, M. (1989). American association of critical-care nurses demonstration project: Profile of excellence in critical care nursing. *Heart & Lung: The Journal of Critical Care, 18*(3), 219–237 PMID: 2722533.
Morath, J., Filipp, R., & Cull, M. (2014). Strategies for enhancing perioperative safety: promoting joy and meaning in the workforce. *AORN Journal, 100*(4), 376–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2014.01.027
Morgenegg, R., Heinze, F., Wieferich, K., Schiffer, R., Stueber, F., Luedi, M. M., & Doll, D. (2017). Discrepancies between planned and actual operating room turnaround times at a large rural hospital in Germany. *Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 17*(4), e418. https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2017.17.04.007
Murphy, V. A. (2018). The surgical technologist’s perception of teamwork and the culture of safety in the operating room. *Trident University International*.
Norman, V., Rossillo, K., & Skelton, K. (2016). Creating healing environments through the theory of caring. *AORN Journal, 104*(5), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2016.09.006
Norton, E. K., Micheli, A. J., Gedney, J., & Felkerson, T. M. (2012). A nurse-led approach to developing and implementing a collaborative count policy. *AORN Journal, 95*(2), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2011.11.009
Pashley, H. S. (2012). Improving sharps safety and other workplace safety concerns.
Peate, I. (2015). *The principles of surgical care: Intraoperative care*. *British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 9*(11), 534–537. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2015.9.11.534
Pronovost, P. J., & Thompson, D. (2012). Identifying and categorising patient safety hazards in cardiovascular operating rooms using an interdisciplinary approach: a multisite study. *BMJ Quality & Safety, 21*(10), 810–818. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2011-000625
Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind, J. E. (2018). *Medical error reduction and prevention*.
Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind, J. E. (2022). *Medical error reduction and prevention*. *StatPearls [Internet]*.
Rose, J. (2010). Preoperative planning in orthopedic trauma: benefits and contemporary uses. *Orthopedics, 33*(8) , 581–584. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20100625-21
Rothrock,
Salazar Maya, Á. M. (2022). Nursing care during the perioperative within the surgical context. *Investigación y Educación en Enfermería, 40*(2).
Sehularo, L. A., Du Plessis, E., & Scrooby, B. (2012). Exploring the perceptions of psychiatric patients regarding marijuana use. *Health SA Gesondheid, 17*(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v17i1.608
Seyman, Ç., & Ayaz, S. (2016). Opinions of operating room nurses regarding patient and staff safety in operating room. *Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 43*(1), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.01.0630
Shirey, C., & Perrego, K. (2015). Standardizing the handling of surgical specimens. *AORN Journal, 102*(5), 516–e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2015.09.012
Smith, R., et al. (2018). The Impact of Sterilization on Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review. Journal of Infection Control, 25(3), 123-137
Sousa, C. S., Bispo, D. M., Cunha, A. L. M. D., & Siqueira, I. L. C. P. D. (2015). Educational intervention on malignant hyperthermia with nursing professionals of the operating room. *Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 49*, 0292–0297. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420150000200015
Stahl, N. A., & King, J. R. (2020). Expanding approaches for research: Understanding and using trustworthiness in qualitative research. *Journal of Developmental Education, 44*(1), 26–28.
Taaffe, K., Lee, B., Ferrand, Y., Fredendall, L., San, D., Salgado, C.,…& S. Reeves (2018). The influence of traffic, area location, and other factors on operating room microbial load. *Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 39*(4), 391–397. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.323
Ugur, E., Kara, S., Yildirim, S., & Akbal, E. (2016). Medical errors and patient safety in the operating room. *Age, 33*(6.53), 19–50. PMID: 27183943.
Weart, G. (2014). *Surgical instrument reprocessing in a hospital setting analyzed with*. *Arizona State University*.
Weerakkody, R. A., Cheshire, N. J., Riga, C., Lear, R., Hamady, M. S., Moorthy, K., Darzi, A. W., Vincent, C., & Bicknell, C. D. (2013). Surgical technology and operating-room safety failures: A systematic review of quantitative studies. *BMJ Quality & Safety, 22*(9), 710–718. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001778
Williams, L. S., & Hopper, P. D. (2015). *Understanding medical surgical nursing*. *FA Davis*.
Woodman, N., & Walker, I. (2016). *World Health Organization surgical safety checklist*. *World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists. ATOTW, 325*.
World Health Organization. (2017). *Patient safety: making health care safer* (No. WHO/HIS/SDS/2017.11). *World Health Organization*.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2010). Patient safety in the surgical environment. Committee opinion No. 464. *Obstetrics & Gynecology, 116*, 786–790. ISSN: 1074-861X.
Aspden, P., Corrigan, J. M., Wolcott, J., & Erickson, S. M. (2004). Patient safety reporting systems and applications. In *Patient safety: Achieving a new standard for care*. National Academies Press (US).
Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses. (2005a). AORN guidance statement: Safe on-call practices in perioperative practice settings. *AORN Journal, 81*(5), 1054–1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60473-0
Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses. (2005b). AORN guidance statement: Perioperative staffing. *AORN Journal, 81*(5), 1059–1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60474-2
Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses. (2006). AORN guidance statement: Creating a patient safety culture. *AORN Journal, 83*(4), 936–942. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60012-4
Babbie, E., & Mouton, J. (2001). *The practice of social research: South African edition*. Oxford University Press Southern Africa.
Battié, R., & Steelman, V. M. (2014). Accountability in nursing practice: Why it is important for patient safety. *AORN Journal, 100*(5), 537–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2014.08.008
Benze, C., Spruce, L., & Groah, L. (2021). *Perioperative nursing: Scope and standards of practice*.
Blomberg, A. C., Bisholt, B., & Lindwall, L. (2018). Responsibility for patient care in perioperative practice. *Nursing Open, 5*(3), 414–421. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.153
Boggs, S. D., Tan, D. W., Watkins, C. L., & Tsai, M. H. (2019). OR management and metrics: How it all fits together for the healthcare system. *Journal of Medical Systems, 43*, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-019-1272-y
Brown-Brumfield, D., & Deleon, A. (2010). Adherence to a medication safety protocol: Current practice for labeling medications and solutions on the sterile field. *AORN Journal, 91*(5), 610–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2010.03.002
Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2005). Selecting a quantitative research design. *The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique, and Utilization (5th ed.)*. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders.
Clancy, C. M., Farquhar, M. B., & Sharp, B. A. C. (2005). Patient safety in nursing practice. *Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 20*(3), 193–197. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001786-200507000-00001
Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In R. Vaile, & M. King (Eds.), *Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology* (pp. 48–71). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Cole, K. M., Viscofsky, N. A., & Ebrahimi, M. (2013). Finding a needle in the dark. *AORN Journal, 98*(5), 532–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2013.08.010
Collins, S. J., Newhouse, R., Porter, J., & Talsma, A. (2014). Effectiveness of the surgical safety checklist in correcting errors: A literature review applying reason’s Swiss cheese model. *AORN Journal, 100*(1), 65–79. e5
Doyle, L., McCabe, C., Keogh, B., Brady, A., & McCann, M. (2020). An overview of the qualitative descriptive design within nursing research. *Journal of Research in Nursing, 25*(5), 443–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987119880234
Edward, K. L., & Welch, T. (2011). The extension of Colaizzi’s method of phenomenological enquiry. *Contemporary Nurse, 39*(2), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2011.163
Flaubert, J. L., Le Menestrel, S., Williams, D. R., Wakefield, M. K. & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2021). The role of nurses in improving health care access and quality. In *The future of nursing 2020–2030: Charting a path to achieve health equity*. National Academies Press (US).
Forero, R., Nahidi, S., De Costa, J., Mohsin, M., Fitzgerald, G., & Gibson, N.,…& P. Aboagye-Sarfo (2018). Application of four-dimension criteria to assess rigour of qualitative research in emergency medicine. *BMC Health Services Research, 18*(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2915-2
Goss, L. K. (2012). Staying up to date on disinfection and sterilization techniques: Brush up on AORN’s recommendations for perioperative practice. *Plastic and Aesthetic Nursing, 32*(3), 112–116. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ORN.0000403418.74883.f8
Graling, P. R., & Sanchez, J. A. (2017). Learning and mindfulness: Improving perioperative patient safety. *AORN Journal, 105*(3), 317–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2017.01.006.
Ingvarsdottir, E., & Halldorsdottir, S. (2018). Enhancing patient safety in the operating theatre: From the perspective of experienced operating theatre nurses. *Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 32*(2), 951–960. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12532
J. C. (2018) *Alexander’s care of the patient in surgery-E-book*. *Elsevier Health Sciences*.
Johnson, M., et al. (2019). Challenges in Sterilization: A Survey of Operating Room Nurses. Journal of Healthcare Quality, 41(2), 67-82.
Jones, A., & Brown, C. (2020). Enhancing Sterilization Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide for Operating Room Nurses. Journal of Perioperative Nursing, 32(4), 178-192.
Kelvered, M., Öhlén, J., & Gustafsson, B. Å. (2012). Operating theatre nurses’ experience of patient-related, intraoperative nursing care. *Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 26*(3), 449–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00947.x
Lee, T. (2016). Specimen labelling errors just don't cut it in the operating room/Les erreurs d'etiquetage des prelevements sont tout simplement inacceptables en salle d'operation. *ORNAC Journal, 34*(3), 14–29.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1986). But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. *New Directions for Program Evaluation, 1986*(30), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.1427
Link, T. (2018). Guideline implementation: Team communication: 1.8 www.aornjournal.org/content/cme. *AORN Journal, 108*(2), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1002/aorn.12300
Lobelo, M. I. (2004). Experiences of relapsed psychiatric patients in Mafikeng in the North-West Province. *Doctoral dissertation, University of Johannesburg*.
Malley, A., Kenner, C., Kim, T., & Blakeney, B. (2015). The role of the nurse and the preoperative assessment in patient transitions. *AORN Journal, 102*(2), 181–e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2015.06.004
McDowell, D. S., & McComb, S. A. (2014). Safety checklist briefings: A systematic review of the literature. *AORN Journal, 99*(1), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2013.11.015
McGarry, J. R., Pope, C., & Green, S. M. (2018). Perioperative nursing: Maintaining momentum and staying safe. *Journal of Research in Nursing, 23*(8), 727–739. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987118808835
McGinnis, J. M., Stuckhardt, L., Saunders, R., & Smith, M. (Eds.). (2013). *Best care at lower cost: the path to continuously learning health care in America*. National Academies Press (US).
Merriam-Webster, D. (2018). *America’s Most-Trusted Online Dictionary; 2019*. Available at: www. merriam-webster.com/. Accessed October, 15.
Mitchell, P. H., Armstrong, S., Simpson, T. F., & Lentz, M. (1989). American association of critical-care nurses demonstration project: Profile of excellence in critical care nursing. *Heart & Lung: The Journal of Critical Care, 18*(3), 219–237 PMID: 2722533.
Morath, J., Filipp, R., & Cull, M. (2014). Strategies for enhancing perioperative safety: promoting joy and meaning in the workforce. *AORN Journal, 100*(4), 376–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2014.01.027
Morgenegg, R., Heinze, F., Wieferich, K., Schiffer, R., Stueber, F., Luedi, M. M., & Doll, D. (2017). Discrepancies between planned and actual operating room turnaround times at a large rural hospital in Germany. *Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 17*(4), e418. https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2017.17.04.007
Murphy, V. A. (2018). The surgical technologist’s perception of teamwork and the culture of safety in the operating room. *Trident University International*.
Norman, V., Rossillo, K., & Skelton, K. (2016). Creating healing environments through the theory of caring. *AORN Journal, 104*(5), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2016.09.006
Norton, E. K., Micheli, A. J., Gedney, J., & Felkerson, T. M. (2012). A nurse-led approach to developing and implementing a collaborative count policy. *AORN Journal, 95*(2), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2011.11.009
Pashley, H. S. (2012). Improving sharps safety and other workplace safety concerns.
Peate, I. (2015). *The principles of surgical care: Intraoperative care*. *British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 9*(11), 534–537. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2015.9.11.534
Pronovost, P. J., & Thompson, D. (2012). Identifying and categorising patient safety hazards in cardiovascular operating rooms using an interdisciplinary approach: a multisite study. *BMJ Quality & Safety, 21*(10), 810–818. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2011-000625
Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind, J. E. (2018). *Medical error reduction and prevention*.
Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind, J. E. (2022). *Medical error reduction and prevention*. *StatPearls [Internet]*.
Rose, J. (2010). Preoperative planning in orthopedic trauma: benefits and contemporary uses. *Orthopedics, 33*(8) , 581–584. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20100625-21
Rothrock,
Salazar Maya, Á. M. (2022). Nursing care during the perioperative within the surgical context. *Investigación y Educación en Enfermería, 40*(2).
Sehularo, L. A., Du Plessis, E., & Scrooby, B. (2012). Exploring the perceptions of psychiatric patients regarding marijuana use. *Health SA Gesondheid, 17*(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v17i1.608
Seyman, Ç., & Ayaz, S. (2016). Opinions of operating room nurses regarding patient and staff safety in operating room. *Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 43*(1), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.01.0630
Shirey, C., & Perrego, K. (2015). Standardizing the handling of surgical specimens. *AORN Journal, 102*(5), 516–e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2015.09.012
Smith, R., et al. (2018). The Impact of Sterilization on Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review. Journal of Infection Control, 25(3), 123-137
Sousa, C. S., Bispo, D. M., Cunha, A. L. M. D., & Siqueira, I. L. C. P. D. (2015). Educational intervention on malignant hyperthermia with nursing professionals of the operating room. *Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 49*, 0292–0297. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420150000200015
Stahl, N. A., & King, J. R. (2020). Expanding approaches for research: Understanding and using trustworthiness in qualitative research. *Journal of Developmental Education, 44*(1), 26–28.
Taaffe, K., Lee, B., Ferrand, Y., Fredendall, L., San, D., Salgado, C.,…& S. Reeves (2018). The influence of traffic, area location, and other factors on operating room microbial load. *Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 39*(4), 391–397. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.323
Ugur, E., Kara, S., Yildirim, S., & Akbal, E. (2016). Medical errors and patient safety in the operating room. *Age, 33*(6.53), 19–50. PMID: 27183943.
Weart, G. (2014). *Surgical instrument reprocessing in a hospital setting analyzed with*. *Arizona State University*.
Weerakkody, R. A., Cheshire, N. J., Riga, C., Lear, R., Hamady, M. S., Moorthy, K., Darzi, A. W., Vincent, C., & Bicknell, C. D. (2013). Surgical technology and operating-room safety failures: A systematic review of quantitative studies. *BMJ Quality & Safety, 22*(9), 710–718. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001778
Williams, L. S., & Hopper, P. D. (2015). *Understanding medical surgical nursing*. *FA Davis*.
Woodman, N., & Walker, I. (2016). *World Health Organization surgical safety checklist*. *World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists. ATOTW, 325*.
World Health Organization. (2017). *Patient safety: making health care safer* (No. WHO/HIS/SDS/2017.11). *World Health Organization*.
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Feb 15, 2023
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Afaf Faisal R Alanazi, Atyaf Mohammed Aqiel, Sulaiman mutlaq alatawi, F. H. A. A. R. E. N. M. A. R. A. N. A. F. H. A. R. , M. N. B. A. , A. M. M. A. , A. A. H. A. A. A. R. A.-A. ,Albandari F. A. (2023). Nursing Contributions in Operating Room Sterilization: Navigating Challenges in System Enhancement. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(2), 604-613. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i2.5003
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Afaf Faisal R Alanazi, Atyaf Mohammed Aqiel, Sulaiman mutlaq alatawi, F. H. A. A. R. E. N. M. A. R. A. N. A. F. H. A. R. , M. N. B. A. , A. M. M. A. , A. A. H. A. A. A. R. A.-A. ,Albandari F. A. (2023). Nursing Contributions in Operating Room Sterilization: Navigating Challenges in System Enhancement. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(2), 604-613. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i2.5003