THE OUTBREAK OF LUMPY SKIN DISEASE IN SOUTH ASIA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Main Article Content
Keywords
Epizootic Form, Cutaneous skin disease, Lumpy Skin Disease, Contagious, Epidemic, South Asia, cattle, LSDV
Abstract
Background: Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a highly contagious viral illness affecting cattle, characterized by cutaneous nodules and systemic consequences. While traditionally prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, recent occurrences in Egypt and Israel have raised concerns. The disease's transmission dynamics and impact in Southeast Asia, particularly its emergence in 2020, are the focus of this study.
Methods: Utilizing data from the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS), a project of the World Organization for Animal Health (WOH), this study examines LSD outbreaks in Southeast Asia between October 2020 and October 2021. Descriptive statistics, illness maps, clustering, and epidemiological curves were employed to analyze the spread of the disease.
Results: During the studied period, 866 LSD outbreaks were documented across Southeast Asian nations, involving 1,758,923 sensitive cattle, 93,465 cases, and 5,936 fatalities. Livestock were also affected (1,117 cases). The epidemic displayed rapid dissemination, with four significant peaks observed in Thailand and Vietnam. The Thai region emerged as the apparent epicenter, raising questions about potential reporting bias or underreporting by other Southeast Asian countries.
Epidemiological Groups: The study identified three distinct epidemic groups, with the Thai region serving as the epicenter. High disease and mortality rates were particularly noted in Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia, contributing to the widespread impact of the epidemic.
Conclusion: This research underscores the swift spread of LSD in Southeast Asia, with Thailand and Vietnam experiencing significant peaks. The identification of the Thai region as the epicenter raises concerns about reporting consistency among countries. The study provides valuable insights into the epidemiological patterns of LSD transmission in the region, highlighting the need for collaborative efforts to manage and control the disease effectively.
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Almas Faryal Nizam
Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Charsadda Road, Peshawar Pakistan
Hanif Ur Rahman
Center of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Research Institute, Bacha Khan Chowk, Peshawar Pakistan
Iram Maqsood
Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Charsadda Road, Peshawar Pakistan
Chandra Shaker Chouhan
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Omar Yousef Ali Alfauri
Doctor, Medical Department, Studied at Misr University for Science and Technology, Jordan
Yara Yousef Ali Alfauri
Medical Student, Medical Department, Studies at Al Balqa Applied University
Ameer Badshah
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan