A STUDY ON EXTENDED-SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASE GENES FROM CLINICALLY ISOLATED GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN BAHAWALPUR
Main Article Content
Keywords
ESBLs, gram negative bacteria, disk diffusion method, (PCR), CTXM, TEM
Abstract
The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes have become more common, increasing the prevalence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNBs) found in clinical patients. This cross-sectional study aimed to find the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinically isolated GNBs and their correlations with ESBL genes. A total of 140 samples were collected without any age discrimination and proceeded for their growth on culture media, gram staining, and biochemical characterization. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by the Kirby-Baur disk diffusion method and PCR was employed for ESBLs associated genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaTEM). Out of 140 samples, the majority (60%) were GNBs, with K. Pneumoniae being the most prevalent (38.1%), followed by E. coli (29.8%), P. aeruginosa (15.5%), Proteus spp (10.7%), and Citrobacter spp (6%). These GNBs were resistant to various antibiotics, including cefixime (70.2%), amoxicillin (50%), cefoperazone (21.4%), imipenem (17.9%), ceftaroline (89%), gentamicin (72.6%), tobramycin (64.3%), amikacin (52.4%). Individual ESBL gene frequencies were blaCTX-M (40.5%), blaTEM (27%), blaOXA (21.6%), and blaSHV (10.8%). Species-wise, ESBLs‐producing genes blaCTX-M, and blaTEM were most frequent in K. Pneumoniae (13.5%) and E. coli (27%) while blaOXA in P. aeruginosa (13.5%) and blaSHV in Proteus spp (2.7%). In conclusion, blaCTX-M was the main gene associated with ESBL production in resistance clinical isolates followed by blaTEM, blaOXA, and blaSHV genes. To avoid resistance isolates, hospitals must implement infection control and antibiotic stewardship plans.
References
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[18] Asgharzadeh Kangachar S, Mojtahedi A. The presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase as a risk factor for MDR in clinical isolation of Escherichia coli. Trop Biomed 2017;34:98–109.
[19] Kapil A. The challenge of antibiotic resistance: need to contemplate. Indian J Med Res 2005;121:83–91.
[20] Idrees MM, Saeed A. Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms of Multidrug-Resistance in Uropathogens and Novel Therapeutic Combat. In: Ahmed S, Chandra Ojha S, Najam-ul-Haq M, Younus M, Hashmi MZ, editors. Biochemistry of Drug Resistance, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2021, p. 505–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76320-6_20.
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[22] Argimón S, Yeats CA, Goater RJ, Abudahab K, Taylor B, Underwood A, et al. A global resource for genomic predictions of antimicrobial resistance and surveillance of Salmonella Typhi at pathogenwatch. Nat Commun 2021;12:2879. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23091-2.
[23] Haider MH, McHugh TD, Roulston K, Arruda LB, Sadouki Z, Riaz S. Correction: Detection of carbapenemases blaOXA48-blaKPC-blaNDM-blaVIM and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase blaOXA1-blaSHV- blaTEM genes in Gram-negative bacterial isolates from ICU burns patients. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022;21:34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-022-00519-1.
[24] Idrees MM, Rimsha R, Idrees MD, Saeed A. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Genetic Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Gram-Negative Rods Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Pakistan. Antibiotics 2023;12:29. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010029.
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[27] Cheesbrough M. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, Part 2. Cambridge University Press; 2005.
[28] Coico R. Gram Staining. Current Protocols in Microbiology 2006;00:A.3C.1-A.3C.2. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780471729259.mca03cs00.
[29] Humphries R, Bobenchik AM, Hindler JA, Schuetz AN. Overview of Changes to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, M100, 31st Edition. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2021;59:10.1128/jcm.00213-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00213-21.
[30] Ahmed* OB, Dablool AS. Quality Improvement of the DNA extracted by boiling method in Gram negative bacteria. IJB 2017;6:5347. https://doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2017.04.004.
[31] Schlesinger J, Navon-Venezia S, Chmelnitsky I, Hammer-Münz O, Leavitt A, Gold HS, et al. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases among Enterobacter Isolates Obtained in Tel Aviv, Israel. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2005;49:1150–6. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.3.1150-1156.2005.
[32] Pallecchi L, Malossi M, Mantella A, Gotuzzo E, Trigoso C, Bartoloni A, et al. Detection of CTX-M-Type β-Lactamase Genes in Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Children in Bolivia and Peru. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2004;48:4556–61. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.12.4556-4561.2004.
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Feb 21, 2024
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Muhammad Rizwan, Waqas Ashraf, Muhammad Moazam Jalees, Rafia Anwar, Hafiz Muhammad Siddiq, Bushra Nizam, Firasat Hussain, Saleha Zafar, Noman Ahmed, Muhammad Hanzala Imran, & Safdar Ali. (2024). A STUDY ON EXTENDED-SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASE GENES FROM CLINICALLY ISOLATED GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN BAHAWALPUR. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(2), 2008-2023. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i2.4571
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Author Biographies
Muhammad Rizwan
Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Waqas Ashraf
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Muhammad Moazam Jalees
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Rafia Anwar
Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences (FRAHS), Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Hafiz Muhammad Siddiq
Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences (FRAHS), Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Bushra Nizam
Insititute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBBB), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Firasat Hussain
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Saleha Zafar
Consultant Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Noman Ahmed
QC Manager, Microbiology Lab, Modern Gelatin, Kasur, Pakistan
Muhammad Hanzala Imran
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Safdar Ali
Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
How to Cite
Muhammad Rizwan, Waqas Ashraf, Muhammad Moazam Jalees, Rafia Anwar, Hafiz Muhammad Siddiq, Bushra Nizam, Firasat Hussain, Saleha Zafar, Noman Ahmed, Muhammad Hanzala Imran, & Safdar Ali. (2024). A STUDY ON EXTENDED-SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASE GENES FROM CLINICALLY ISOLATED GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN BAHAWALPUR. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 31(2), 2008-2023. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i2.4571