EXPLORING THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSULIN RESISTANCE, LIPID METABOLISM, AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Main Article Content
Keywords
Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherogenesis, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a predominant concern for individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, representing a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This review delves into the complex interplay between diabetes and cardiovascular problems, offering insights into preventative interventions and treatment strategies.
Methods:
Drawing from current research, this comprehensive review evaluates methods to reduce cardiovascular risk in individuals with diabetes. The analysis focuses on insulin resistance as a pivotal factor linking diabetes to CVD, leading to dyslipidemia and atherogenesis, thereby elevating the risk of cardiovascular events.
Results:
Patients with diabetes face an increased risk of cardiovascular events due to the intricate relationship between insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and atherogenesis. Moreover, hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to endothelial dysfunction, fostering vascular damage and elevating the risk of cardiovascular issues. The correlation between diabetes and CVD accelerates atherosclerotic plaque formation, rendering the plaque more prone to rupture and causing severe cardiovascular problems like myocardial infarction and stroke.
Conclusion:
Understanding the nuanced connection between diabetes and cardiovascular disease is paramount for developing effective interventions. This narrative review synthesizes evidence-based preventative measures and treatment choices, providing valuable insights for healthcare practitioners. The aim is to enhance patient outcomes, improve quality of life, and reduce mortality rates in individuals with diabetes and coexisting CVD. The review serves as a comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals and academics, laying the groundwork for innovative approaches in diabetes management through an in-depth exploration of current research and underlying processes.
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Muhammad Nouman Majeed
Department of Biotechnology, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
Asif Khan
Research Scholar, Department of Functional Genomics, COMSATS University Islamabad
Dr. Hira Amin
Post Graduate Resident, Department of Medicine, Sindh Government Qatar Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Bijaya Bhattarai
University of Tasmania, Australia
Dr. Abdul Wadood Kakar
Assistant Professor, HOD Department of Cardiology, Teaching Hospital Loralai, Bolan University of Medical and Health sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
Dr. Adut Matik
Teaching Assistant, Department of Internal Medicine, University of juba College of Medicine, South Sudan
Subhan Haider
Pharmacist, Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Lahore, Pakistan,
Mr. V. Sampath
Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College (Autonomous) Enathur, Kanchipuram, TamilNadu, India-631 561
Rubaiya Tabassum
Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, City University, Savar, Dhaka- 1216, Bangladesh.
Tariq Rafique
Assistant Professor Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Pakistan,