APPLICATION OF ICE PACKS, KINESIOLOGY TAPE AND STRENGTHENING EXERCISES ON ANKLE SPRAIN AMONG SPORTSPLAYERS. A SINGLE BLIND STUDY
Main Article Content
Keywords
Ankle sprain, kinesio-tape, ice packs, strengthening exercise, Theraband
Abstract
Background: -The most frequent lower limb injury among athletes is an ankle sprain. A general estimation that ankle injuries occurs about 1/10,000 times every day. A big part of sprains affects the lateral tissues.
Methodology :-30 subjects were included in the study , group A kinesiology tape with ice packs, group B strengthening exercise with ice packs, treatment ice packs with kinesiology tape is used to stabilize the joint for group A ,and group B strengthening exercise with ice packs were given , initially kinesio-tape were applied for 3 days a week and removed and ice packs were given to subjects for 15 minutes and again reapplied to the ankle joint kinesio-tape were applied for another 3 days a weeks for 30 days treatment protocol, 10 repetition strengthening exercise given ,total treatment period 35 minutes.
Result:-Kinesiology tapewith ice packs gives better result as compared to strengthening with ice packs ,Pain ,Swelling decreases ROM and strength Increases inversion ROM on the initial day i.e. 0 day was 8.7533 & on the follow up days i.e. 45thday the inversion range was found 28.60, planter flexion of the group A on the 0 day was13.2867 & on the follow up i.e.; 45th day the planter flexion also increases up to 43.72,Dorsiflexion of group A on the initial day i.e.;
0 day was 2.92 and after the follow up days i.e.; 45th day was 18.58. Significance P Value 0.001
Conclusion:- Pain decreases in both group, but the kinesio-tape with icepacks produce better result in comparison to strengthening exercise with ice packs, significance, P value 0.0001
References
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2. Waterman BR, Owens BD, Davey S, Zacchilli MA, Belmont PJ Jr. The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010; 92: 2279-2284 doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.01537
3. Czajka CM, Tran E, Cai AN, DiPreta JA. Ankle sprains and instability. Med Clin North Am. 2014; 98(2):313-29.doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2013.11.003
4. Waizy H, Harrasser N, Fehske K. [Lateral ligament injuries]. Unfallchirurg 2018 Sep;121(9):683-692 doi: 10.1007/s00113-018-0535-2
5. Garrick JG. The frequency of injury, mechanism of injury, and epidemiology of ankle sprains. The American journal of sports medicine. 1977Nov;5(6):241-2. DOI: 10.1177/ 036354657700500606
6. Halabchi F, Hassabi M. Acute ankle sprain in athletes: Clinical aspects and algorithmic approach. World journal of orthopedics. 2020 Dec 12;11(12):534. doi: 10.5312/ wjo.v11.i12.534
7. Smith RW, Reischl SF. Treatment of ankle sprains in young athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14:465–471. DOI: 10.1177/036354658601400606
8. van Rijn RM, van Os AG, Bernsen RM, Luijsterburg PA, Koes BW, Bierma-Zeinstra SM. What is the clinical course of acute ankle sprains? Am J Med. 2008;121:324–331.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.11.018
9. Doherty C, Bleakley C, Delahunt E, Holden S. Treatment and prevention of acute and recurrent ankle sprain: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51:113–125. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096178
10. Alt W. Lohrer H. Gollhofer A: Functional properties of adhesive ankle taping. neuromuscular and mechanical effects before and after exercise. Foot Ankle Int, 1999, 20: 238-245. DOI: 10.1177/107110079902000406
11. Perlman M, Leveille D, DeLeonibus J, Hartman R, Klein J, Handelman R, et al. Inversion lateral ankle trauma differential diagnosis, review of the literature, and prospective study. J Foot Surg 1987,26 95-135.
12. National Football League 1974 Injury Study. Stan ford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California, June 1975
13. Beynnon BD. Murphy DF. Alosa DM: Predictive factors for lateral ankle sprains: a literature review. J Athl Train. 2002, 37: 376-380.
14. Seo HD, Kim MY, Choi JE, Lim GH, Jung SI, Park SH, Cheon SH, Lee HY. Effects of Kinesio taping on joint position sense of the ankle. Journal of physical therapy science. 2016;28(4):1158-60. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1158
15. Wikstrom EA, Hubbard-Turner T, McKeon PO. Understanding and treating lateral ankle sprains and their consequences. Sports medicine. 2013 Jun;43(6):385-93. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0043-z
16. Yeung MS, Chan KM, So CH, et al. An epidemiological survey on ankle sprain. Br J Sports Med 1994;28:112–6. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.28.2.112
17. Slevin ZM, Arnold GP, Wang W, Abboud RJ. Immediate effect of kinesiology tape on ankle stability. BMJ open sport & exercise medicine. 2020 Feb 1;6(1):e000604.doi:10.1136/ bmjsem-2019-000604
18. Fong DTP, Chan Y-Y, Mok K-M, et al. Understanding acute ankle ligamentous sprain injury in sports. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil2009;1:14 doi: 10.1186/1758-2555-1-14
19. Ferran NA, Maffulli N. Epidemiology of sprains of the lateral ankle ligament complex. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11:659–662. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2006.07.002
20. Doherty C, Delahunt E, Caulfield B, Hertel J, Ryan J, Bleakley C. The incidence and prevalence of ankle sprain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective epidemiological studies. Sports Med. 2014;44:123–140. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0102-5
21. Tittley J, Hébert LJ, Roy JS. Should ice application be replaced with neurocryostimulation for the treatment of acute lateral ankle sprains? A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 2020 Dec;13(1):1-1. doi: 10.1186/s13047-020-00436-6
22. Ivins DJ. Acute ankle sprain: an update. American family physician. 2006 Nov 15;74(10):1714-20.
23. TomrisDuymaz, Serdar Yuksel. Acute treatment of ankle ligament injuries: Is kinesio tape effective? Ann Clin Anal Med 2020;11(Suppl 2):S118-122 DOI: 10.4328/ACAM.20119
24. van den Bekerom MP. van Kimmenade R. Sierevelt IN. EgginkK. Kerkhoffs GM. van Dijk CN, et al. Randomized comparison of tape versus semi-rigid and versus lace-up ankle support in the treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament injury. Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc 2016:24(4):978-84. doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3664-y.
25. Wolfe MW, Uhl TL, Mattacola CG, McCluskey LC. Management of ankle sprains. American family physician. 2001 Jan 1;63(1):93.
26. Shin JC, Kim JH, Nam D, Park GC, Lee JS. Add-on effect of kinesiotape in patients with acute lateral ankle sprain: a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2020 Dec;21(1):1-4. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-4111-z
27. Merino-Marban R, Mayorga-Vega D, Fernandez-Rodriguez E. Effect of kinesio tape application on calf pain and ankle range of motion in duathletes. J Hum Kinet, 2013:37:129-35. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2013-0033
28. Bicici S, Karatas N, Baltaci G. Effect of athletic taping and kinesiotaping on measurements of functional performance in basketball players with chronic inversion ankle sprains. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012;7:154-66,
29. Wilson V, Douris P, Fukuroku T, Kuzniewski M, Dias J, Figueiredo P. The immediate and long-term effects of kinesiotape on balance and functional performance. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11:247-53.
30. Kase K. Clinical therapeutic applications of the Kinesio (! R) taping method. Albuquerque. 2003.
31. Galiuto L. The use of cryotherapy in acute sports injuries. Ann Sports Med Res. 2016;3(2):1060. doi: 10.2165/00007256-198603060-00002
32. Lubkowska A. Cryotherapy: physiological considerations and applications to physical therapy. Physical therapy perspectives in the 21st Century - Challenges and Possibilities, Dr. Josette Bettany-Saltikov (Ed) ISBN: 978-953-51-0459-9. DOI: 10.5772/35055
33. Rawecka D and Rokita E. Local cryotherapy – has everything been said? Acta Bio – Optica Informatica Medica. 2006; 2:111-115. doi.org/10.1186/s13075-022-02774-1
34. Woods C, Hawkins R, Hulse M, Hodson A. The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: an analysis of ankle sprains. British journal of sports medicine. 2003 Jun 1;37(3):233-8 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.37.3.233
35. Van Den Bekerom MP, Struijs PA, Blankevoort L, Welling L, Van Dijk CN, Kerkhoffs GM. What is the evidence for rest, ice, compression, and elevation therapy in the treatment of ankle sprains in adults?. Journal of athletic training. 2012 Jul;47(4):435-43. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.4.14
36. Smith BI, Docherty CL, Simon J, Klossner J, Schrader J. Ankle strength and force sense after a progressive, 6-week strength-training program in people with functional ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2012;47(3):282-8. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.06
37. Fayson SD, Needle AR, Kaminski TW. The effects of ankle Kinesio-taping on ankle stiffness and dynamic balance. Research in sports medicine. 2013 Jul 1;21(3):204-16. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2013.792083
38. Wheeler TJ, Basnett CR, Hanish MJ, Miriovsky DJ, Danielson EL, Barr JB, Threlkeld AJ, Grindstaff TL. Fibular taping does not influence ankle dorsiflexion range of motion or balance measures in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Journal of science and medicine in sport. 2013 Nov 1;16(6):488-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.02.012
39. Nakajima MA, Baldridge C. The effect of kinesio® tape on vertical jump and dynamic postural control. International journal of sports physical therapy. 2013 Aug;8(4):393.
40. Kim KJ. Impact of combined muscle strength and proprioceptive exercises on functional ankle instability. Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research. 2013;4(2):600-4.https://doi.org/10.5854/JIAPTR.2013.10.25.600
41. Lee SM, Lee JH. Ankle inversion taping using kinesiology tape for treating medial ankle sprain in an amateur soccer player. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2015;27(7):2407-8. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.2407
42. Seo HD, Kim MY, Choi JE, Lim GH, Jung SI, Park SH, Cheon SH, Lee HY. Effects of Kinesio taping on joint position sense of the ankle. Journal of physical therapy science. 2016;28(4):1158-60.doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1158
43. Mazloum V, Sahebozamani M. The Effects Kinesiotaping and Proprioceptive Exercises in Rehabilitation Management of Volleyball Players with Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Pars University of Medical Sciences (Jahrom). 2016 Jun 10;2:31-41.DOI:10.29252/jmj.14.2.31
44. Jackson K, Simon JE, Docherty CL. Extended use of kinesiology tape and balance in participants with chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2016 Jan;51(1):16-21.doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.2.03
45. Ravindran B, Subbiah K. The Effectiveness of Mobilization and Thera band Exercises for Ankle Sprain. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i6.69
46. Youdas JW, McLean TJ, Krause DA, Hollman JH. Changes in active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion after acute inversion ankle sprain. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2009 Aug 1;18(3):358-74. DOI: 10.1123/jsr.18.3.358
47. Sarvestan J, Alaei F, Kazemi NS, Khial HP, Shirzad E, Svoboda Z. Agility profile in collegiate athletes with chronic ankle sprain: the effect of Athletic and Kinesio taping among both genders. Sport Sciences for Health. 2018 Aug;14(2):407-14.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-018-0453-2
48. Pasapula C, Memarzadeh A, Devany A, Parmar D, West J. The Modified Anterior Drawer Test (MADT): a new clinical test for assessing subtalar instability a cadaveric and clinical assessment. Clin Res Foot Ankle. 2018;6(271):2.DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000271
49. Youdas JW, McLean TJ, Krause DA, Hollman JH. Changes in active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion after acute inversion ankle sprain. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2009 Aug DOI: 10.1123/jsr.18.3.358
50. Herzog MM, Kerr ZY, Marshall SW, Wikstrom EA. Epidemiology of ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2019 Jun;54(6):603-10. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-447-17
51. Delahunt E, Remus A. Risk factors for lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2019 Jun;54(6):611-6. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-44-18
52. Muñoz-Barrenechea IA, Garrido-Beroíza MA, Achiardi O, Serón P, Marzuca-Nassr GN. A systematic review of the functional effectiveness of kinesiotaping in individuals with ankle instability. Medwave. 2019 May 22;19(4):e7635-. DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2019.04.7635
53. Medina McKeon JM, Hoch MC. The ankle-joint complex: a kinesiologic approach to lateral ankle sprains. Journal of athletic training. 2019 Jun;54(6):589-602. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-472-17
54. Guerra-Pinto F, Côrte-Real N, Gomes TM, Consciência JG, Glazebrook M, Oliva XM. Varus talar tilt combined with an internal rotation pivot stress assesses the supination instability vector in lateral ankle ligaments’ injury—Cadaver study. Foot and Ankle Surgery. 2020 Apr 1;26(3):258-64. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2019.03.007
55. Miranda JP, Silva WT, Silva HJ, Mascarenhas RO, Oliveira VC. Effectiveness of cryotherapy on pain intensity, swelling, range of motion, function and recurrence in acute ankle sprain: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2021 May 1;49:243-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.03.011
56. Liu K, Delaney AN, Kaminski TW. A review of the role of lower-leg strength measurements in ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability populations. Sports Biomechanics. 2022 Apr 21;21(4):562-75. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1912165
57. Zhao GL, Lyu JY, Liu CQ, Wu JG, Xia J, Huang GY. A modified anterior drawer test for anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research. 2021 Dec;16(1):1-6. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02381-x
2. Waterman BR, Owens BD, Davey S, Zacchilli MA, Belmont PJ Jr. The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010; 92: 2279-2284 doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.01537
3. Czajka CM, Tran E, Cai AN, DiPreta JA. Ankle sprains and instability. Med Clin North Am. 2014; 98(2):313-29.doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2013.11.003
4. Waizy H, Harrasser N, Fehske K. [Lateral ligament injuries]. Unfallchirurg 2018 Sep;121(9):683-692 doi: 10.1007/s00113-018-0535-2
5. Garrick JG. The frequency of injury, mechanism of injury, and epidemiology of ankle sprains. The American journal of sports medicine. 1977Nov;5(6):241-2. DOI: 10.1177/ 036354657700500606
6. Halabchi F, Hassabi M. Acute ankle sprain in athletes: Clinical aspects and algorithmic approach. World journal of orthopedics. 2020 Dec 12;11(12):534. doi: 10.5312/ wjo.v11.i12.534
7. Smith RW, Reischl SF. Treatment of ankle sprains in young athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14:465–471. DOI: 10.1177/036354658601400606
8. van Rijn RM, van Os AG, Bernsen RM, Luijsterburg PA, Koes BW, Bierma-Zeinstra SM. What is the clinical course of acute ankle sprains? Am J Med. 2008;121:324–331.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.11.018
9. Doherty C, Bleakley C, Delahunt E, Holden S. Treatment and prevention of acute and recurrent ankle sprain: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51:113–125. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096178
10. Alt W. Lohrer H. Gollhofer A: Functional properties of adhesive ankle taping. neuromuscular and mechanical effects before and after exercise. Foot Ankle Int, 1999, 20: 238-245. DOI: 10.1177/107110079902000406
11. Perlman M, Leveille D, DeLeonibus J, Hartman R, Klein J, Handelman R, et al. Inversion lateral ankle trauma differential diagnosis, review of the literature, and prospective study. J Foot Surg 1987,26 95-135.
12. National Football League 1974 Injury Study. Stan ford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California, June 1975
13. Beynnon BD. Murphy DF. Alosa DM: Predictive factors for lateral ankle sprains: a literature review. J Athl Train. 2002, 37: 376-380.
14. Seo HD, Kim MY, Choi JE, Lim GH, Jung SI, Park SH, Cheon SH, Lee HY. Effects of Kinesio taping on joint position sense of the ankle. Journal of physical therapy science. 2016;28(4):1158-60. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1158
15. Wikstrom EA, Hubbard-Turner T, McKeon PO. Understanding and treating lateral ankle sprains and their consequences. Sports medicine. 2013 Jun;43(6):385-93. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0043-z
16. Yeung MS, Chan KM, So CH, et al. An epidemiological survey on ankle sprain. Br J Sports Med 1994;28:112–6. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.28.2.112
17. Slevin ZM, Arnold GP, Wang W, Abboud RJ. Immediate effect of kinesiology tape on ankle stability. BMJ open sport & exercise medicine. 2020 Feb 1;6(1):e000604.doi:10.1136/ bmjsem-2019-000604
18. Fong DTP, Chan Y-Y, Mok K-M, et al. Understanding acute ankle ligamentous sprain injury in sports. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil2009;1:14 doi: 10.1186/1758-2555-1-14
19. Ferran NA, Maffulli N. Epidemiology of sprains of the lateral ankle ligament complex. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11:659–662. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2006.07.002
20. Doherty C, Delahunt E, Caulfield B, Hertel J, Ryan J, Bleakley C. The incidence and prevalence of ankle sprain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective epidemiological studies. Sports Med. 2014;44:123–140. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0102-5
21. Tittley J, Hébert LJ, Roy JS. Should ice application be replaced with neurocryostimulation for the treatment of acute lateral ankle sprains? A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 2020 Dec;13(1):1-1. doi: 10.1186/s13047-020-00436-6
22. Ivins DJ. Acute ankle sprain: an update. American family physician. 2006 Nov 15;74(10):1714-20.
23. TomrisDuymaz, Serdar Yuksel. Acute treatment of ankle ligament injuries: Is kinesio tape effective? Ann Clin Anal Med 2020;11(Suppl 2):S118-122 DOI: 10.4328/ACAM.20119
24. van den Bekerom MP. van Kimmenade R. Sierevelt IN. EgginkK. Kerkhoffs GM. van Dijk CN, et al. Randomized comparison of tape versus semi-rigid and versus lace-up ankle support in the treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament injury. Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc 2016:24(4):978-84. doi: 10.1007/s00167-015-3664-y.
25. Wolfe MW, Uhl TL, Mattacola CG, McCluskey LC. Management of ankle sprains. American family physician. 2001 Jan 1;63(1):93.
26. Shin JC, Kim JH, Nam D, Park GC, Lee JS. Add-on effect of kinesiotape in patients with acute lateral ankle sprain: a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2020 Dec;21(1):1-4. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-4111-z
27. Merino-Marban R, Mayorga-Vega D, Fernandez-Rodriguez E. Effect of kinesio tape application on calf pain and ankle range of motion in duathletes. J Hum Kinet, 2013:37:129-35. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2013-0033
28. Bicici S, Karatas N, Baltaci G. Effect of athletic taping and kinesiotaping on measurements of functional performance in basketball players with chronic inversion ankle sprains. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012;7:154-66,
29. Wilson V, Douris P, Fukuroku T, Kuzniewski M, Dias J, Figueiredo P. The immediate and long-term effects of kinesiotape on balance and functional performance. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11:247-53.
30. Kase K. Clinical therapeutic applications of the Kinesio (! R) taping method. Albuquerque. 2003.
31. Galiuto L. The use of cryotherapy in acute sports injuries. Ann Sports Med Res. 2016;3(2):1060. doi: 10.2165/00007256-198603060-00002
32. Lubkowska A. Cryotherapy: physiological considerations and applications to physical therapy. Physical therapy perspectives in the 21st Century - Challenges and Possibilities, Dr. Josette Bettany-Saltikov (Ed) ISBN: 978-953-51-0459-9. DOI: 10.5772/35055
33. Rawecka D and Rokita E. Local cryotherapy – has everything been said? Acta Bio – Optica Informatica Medica. 2006; 2:111-115. doi.org/10.1186/s13075-022-02774-1
34. Woods C, Hawkins R, Hulse M, Hodson A. The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: an analysis of ankle sprains. British journal of sports medicine. 2003 Jun 1;37(3):233-8 doi: 10.1136/bjsm.37.3.233
35. Van Den Bekerom MP, Struijs PA, Blankevoort L, Welling L, Van Dijk CN, Kerkhoffs GM. What is the evidence for rest, ice, compression, and elevation therapy in the treatment of ankle sprains in adults?. Journal of athletic training. 2012 Jul;47(4):435-43. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.4.14
36. Smith BI, Docherty CL, Simon J, Klossner J, Schrader J. Ankle strength and force sense after a progressive, 6-week strength-training program in people with functional ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2012;47(3):282-8. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.06
37. Fayson SD, Needle AR, Kaminski TW. The effects of ankle Kinesio-taping on ankle stiffness and dynamic balance. Research in sports medicine. 2013 Jul 1;21(3):204-16. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2013.792083
38. Wheeler TJ, Basnett CR, Hanish MJ, Miriovsky DJ, Danielson EL, Barr JB, Threlkeld AJ, Grindstaff TL. Fibular taping does not influence ankle dorsiflexion range of motion or balance measures in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Journal of science and medicine in sport. 2013 Nov 1;16(6):488-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.02.012
39. Nakajima MA, Baldridge C. The effect of kinesio® tape on vertical jump and dynamic postural control. International journal of sports physical therapy. 2013 Aug;8(4):393.
40. Kim KJ. Impact of combined muscle strength and proprioceptive exercises on functional ankle instability. Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research. 2013;4(2):600-4.https://doi.org/10.5854/JIAPTR.2013.10.25.600
41. Lee SM, Lee JH. Ankle inversion taping using kinesiology tape for treating medial ankle sprain in an amateur soccer player. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2015;27(7):2407-8. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.2407
42. Seo HD, Kim MY, Choi JE, Lim GH, Jung SI, Park SH, Cheon SH, Lee HY. Effects of Kinesio taping on joint position sense of the ankle. Journal of physical therapy science. 2016;28(4):1158-60.doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1158
43. Mazloum V, Sahebozamani M. The Effects Kinesiotaping and Proprioceptive Exercises in Rehabilitation Management of Volleyball Players with Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Pars University of Medical Sciences (Jahrom). 2016 Jun 10;2:31-41.DOI:10.29252/jmj.14.2.31
44. Jackson K, Simon JE, Docherty CL. Extended use of kinesiology tape and balance in participants with chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2016 Jan;51(1):16-21.doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.2.03
45. Ravindran B, Subbiah K. The Effectiveness of Mobilization and Thera band Exercises for Ankle Sprain. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i6.69
46. Youdas JW, McLean TJ, Krause DA, Hollman JH. Changes in active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion after acute inversion ankle sprain. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2009 Aug 1;18(3):358-74. DOI: 10.1123/jsr.18.3.358
47. Sarvestan J, Alaei F, Kazemi NS, Khial HP, Shirzad E, Svoboda Z. Agility profile in collegiate athletes with chronic ankle sprain: the effect of Athletic and Kinesio taping among both genders. Sport Sciences for Health. 2018 Aug;14(2):407-14.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-018-0453-2
48. Pasapula C, Memarzadeh A, Devany A, Parmar D, West J. The Modified Anterior Drawer Test (MADT): a new clinical test for assessing subtalar instability a cadaveric and clinical assessment. Clin Res Foot Ankle. 2018;6(271):2.DOI: 10.4172/2329-910X.1000271
49. Youdas JW, McLean TJ, Krause DA, Hollman JH. Changes in active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion after acute inversion ankle sprain. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2009 Aug DOI: 10.1123/jsr.18.3.358
50. Herzog MM, Kerr ZY, Marshall SW, Wikstrom EA. Epidemiology of ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2019 Jun;54(6):603-10. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-447-17
51. Delahunt E, Remus A. Risk factors for lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2019 Jun;54(6):611-6. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-44-18
52. Muñoz-Barrenechea IA, Garrido-Beroíza MA, Achiardi O, Serón P, Marzuca-Nassr GN. A systematic review of the functional effectiveness of kinesiotaping in individuals with ankle instability. Medwave. 2019 May 22;19(4):e7635-. DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2019.04.7635
53. Medina McKeon JM, Hoch MC. The ankle-joint complex: a kinesiologic approach to lateral ankle sprains. Journal of athletic training. 2019 Jun;54(6):589-602. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-472-17
54. Guerra-Pinto F, Côrte-Real N, Gomes TM, Consciência JG, Glazebrook M, Oliva XM. Varus talar tilt combined with an internal rotation pivot stress assesses the supination instability vector in lateral ankle ligaments’ injury—Cadaver study. Foot and Ankle Surgery. 2020 Apr 1;26(3):258-64. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2019.03.007
55. Miranda JP, Silva WT, Silva HJ, Mascarenhas RO, Oliveira VC. Effectiveness of cryotherapy on pain intensity, swelling, range of motion, function and recurrence in acute ankle sprain: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2021 May 1;49:243-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.03.011
56. Liu K, Delaney AN, Kaminski TW. A review of the role of lower-leg strength measurements in ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability populations. Sports Biomechanics. 2022 Apr 21;21(4):562-75. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1912165
57. Zhao GL, Lyu JY, Liu CQ, Wu JG, Xia J, Huang GY. A modified anterior drawer test for anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research. 2021 Dec;16(1):1-6. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02381-x
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Nadeem Akram, Anushka Singhal, & Dr. Shahiduz Zafar PhD. (2023). APPLICATION OF ICE PACKS, KINESIOLOGY TAPE AND STRENGTHENING EXERCISES ON ANKLE SPRAIN AMONG SPORTSPLAYERS. A SINGLE BLIND STUDY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 860-870. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i19.3764
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Author Biographies
Nadeem Akram
Researcher Scholar, Galgotias University
Anushka Singhal
Researcher Scholar, Galgotias University
Dr. Shahiduz Zafar PhD
Professor Dept of Physiotherapy, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P India
How to Cite
Nadeem Akram, Anushka Singhal, & Dr. Shahiduz Zafar PhD. (2023). APPLICATION OF ICE PACKS, KINESIOLOGY TAPE AND STRENGTHENING EXERCISES ON ANKLE SPRAIN AMONG SPORTSPLAYERS. A SINGLE BLIND STUDY. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 860-870. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i19.3764