COMPARISON AND EFFICACY IN DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION.
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Keywords
diagnosis, gastritis, Helicobacter pylori, symptomatology, Vaccines
Abstract
Introduction: Helicobacter Pylori is the bacterium that infects more than half of the world's population, it is responsible for developing chronic gastritis, causing in some cases peptic ulcers, MALT-type lymphomas (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) and gastric cancer. Its prevalence varies in developed countries, specifically in the European Union and the United States, it is around 14% to 40%, while in countries such as Latin America it fluctuates between 60 and 80%. Its classic symptoms are epigastralgia, satiety, nausea, vomiting and in case of bleeding; melena, hematemesis and anemia. In Ecuador, 47.66% of patients do not manifest symptoms, but their identification is essential since they allow actions to be carried out to stratify the risk and allow timely treatment, avoiding progression to complicated conditions. Invasive methods have been developed for its diagnosis, based on rapid urease testing, microbial culture, histological evaluation and molecular tests, and breath tests, stool antigen tests and serological detection of antibodies as non-invasive methods. In such methods, their use will depend on a number of factors. So far, vaccines have been developed that confer long-lasting immune protection against infection by this microorganism, the development of these becomes valid considering that 50% of the world's population is infected and that the use of a vaccine can be an alternative to treatment failure
General objective: to describe and compare the diagnostic methods of Helicobacter pylori infection considering their efficacy
Methods: Systematic review using PubMed Central, Elsevier, Scopus, Web of Science databases. Scientific articles published during the period 2018-2023 in Spanish and English, and indexed in Journal Citation Reports and/or Scimago Journal & Country Rank (quartiles 1 to 4) were included.
Results: The evidence found in the literature review in several databases indicates that within the invasive diagnostic methods, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with histological evaluation is considered as the gold standard, while in the non-invasive methods the exhaled air test is mentioned as the best option.
Conclusions: It is essential to know and differentiate its usefulness in the different diagnostic methods for H. pylori infection available in the environment so far, either as a de novo or eradication diagnosis so that an adequate therapeutic approach can be carried out.
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Paula Dayanna Patiño Albán
Estudiante de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8767-378X
Freddy Damián Castillo Solano
Docente Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9234-9389