DRUG RESPONSE OF UNTYPABLE HCV ISOLATES TO CURRENT DIRECTLY ACTING ANTIVIRAL (DAA) REGIMEN IN PAKISTAN
Main Article Content
Keywords
HCV, Untypable isolates, DAAs, Sofosbuvir, Ribavirin, Daclatasvir, Drug response, RVR, SVR, EOT
Abstract
An increased prevalence of diagnostically untypable HCV isolates has been reported for the past few years in Pakistan and the efficacy of DAA-based treatment regimens can be significantly affected by HCV genotypes and subtypes. The Current study aimed to evaluate the drug response of diagnostically untypable isolates to existing DAA based treatment regimens in Pakistan. Drug response was evaluated by an observational study including 192 patients infected with an untypable genotype with 101 patients receiving Sofosbuvir-Daclatasvir (SOF-DCV) and 91 receiving Sofosbuvir-Ribavirin (SOF-RBV) for 12 weeks and by monitoring Rapid virologic response (RVR) at 4 weeks of initiating therapy, end of treatment (EOT) response at 12 weeks and sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) after EOT. Overall, SVR12 of untypable genotypes against the current treatment regimen was 83.3% (160/192). The untypable genotype responded significantly well to SOF-DCV as compared to SOF-RBV with an SVR12 rate of 91.0% and 74.7% respectively. The proportion of non-responders to SOF-DCV (6.9%) was significantly less as compared to non-responders to SOF-RBV (19.7%). Also, relapse rates were significantly high in the group treated with SOF-RBV (5.4%) as compared to SOF-DCV (1.9%) (p<0.05). Efficacy of both regimens varied significantly with age (p>0.05) but did not vary with gender. A Pangenotypic SOF-DCV treatment regimen is found as an effective regimen for these circulating untypable genotypes.
References
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3. Mumtaz, S.; Ahmed, J.; Gul, A.; Tariq, S.A.; Siraj, S.; Sarwar, T. Genetic diversity of Hepatitis C virus genotype 3a based on complete core protein in Peshawar, Pakistan. Jundishapur J. Microbiol. 2020. 13(3), e98942.
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5. Li, D.; Huang, Z.; Zhong, J. Hepatitis C virus vaccine development: old challenges and new opportunities. 2015. Natl. Sci. Rev. 2(3), 285-295.
6. Kim, C.W.; Chang, K.M. Hepatitis C virus: virology and life cycle. Clin. Mol. Hepatol. 2013. 19(1), 17.
7. Echeverría, N.; Moratorio, G.; Cristina, J.; Moreno, P. Hepatitis C virus genetic variability and evolution. 2015. World J. Hepatol. 6, 831.
8. Domingo, E.; Sheldon, J.; Perales, C. Viral quasispecies evolution. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev, 2012. 76(2), 159-216.
9. Ribeiro, R.M.; Li, H.; Wang, S.; Stoddard, M.B.; Learn, G.H.; Korber, B.T.; Bhattacharya, T.; Guedj, J.; Parrish, E.H.; Hahn, B.H.; Shaw, G.M. Quantifying the diversification of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) during primary infection: estimates of the in vivo mutation rate. 2012. PLoS Pathog. e1002881.
10. Cuevas, J. M.; González-Candelas, F.; Moya, A.; Sanjuán, R. Effect of ribavirin on the mutation rate and spectrum of Hepatitis C virus in vivo. J. Virol. 2009, 83(11), 5760-5764.
11. Hedskog, C.; Parhy, B.; Chang, S.; Zeuzem, S.; Moreno, C.; Shafran, S.D.; Borgia, S.M.; Asselah, T.; Alric, L.; Abergel, A. and Chen, J.J.; Svarovskaia, E. S. Identification of 19 novel Hepatitis C virus subtypes—further expanding HCV classification. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 2019, 6(3), ofz076.
12. Borgia, S.M.; Hedskog, C.; Parhy, B.; Hyland, R.H.; Stamm, L.M.; Brainard, D.M.; Subramanian, M.G.; McHutchison, J.G.; Mo, H.; Svarovskaia, E.; Shafran, S. D. Identification of a novel Hepatitis C virus genotype from Punjab, India: expanding classification of Hepatitis C virus into 8 genotypes. J. Infect Dis. 2018, 218(11), 1722-1729.
13. Schnell, G.; Krishnan, P.; Tripathi, R.; Beyer, J.; Reisch, T.; Irvin, M.; Dekhtyar, T.; Lu, L.; Ng, T.I.; Xie, W.; Pilot-Matias, T… Collins, C. (2018). Hepatitis C virus genetic diversity by geographic region within genotype 1-6 subtypes among patients treated with glecaprevir and pibrentasvir. PloS one. 2018, 13(10), e0205186.
14. Smith, D. B.; Bukh, J.; Kuiken, C.; Muerhoff, A. S.; Rice, C. M.; Stapleton, J. T.; Simmonds, P. Expanded classification of Hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes: updated criteria and genotype assignment web resource. Hepatology.2014, 59(1), 318-327.
15. Sharafi, H.; Alavian, S. M.; Keshvari, M. Efficacy of 24-week pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin combination therapy in highly selected patients infected with Hepatitis C virus genotype 1. Hepat. Mon. 2015, 15(1).
16. Humphreys, I.S.; von Delft, A.; Brown, A.; Hibbert, L.; Collier, J.D.; Foster, G.R.; Rahman, M.; Christian, A.; Klenerman, P. Barnes, E. HCV genotype-3a T cell immunity: specificity, function and impact of therapy. Gut. 2012, 61(11), 1589-1599.
17. Wasitthankasem, R.; Vongpunsawad, S.; Siripon, N.; Suya, C.; Chulothok, P.; Chaiear, K.; Rujirojindakul, P.; Kanjana, S.; Theamboonlers, A.; Tangkijvanich, P.; Poovorawan, Y. Genotypic distribution of Hepatitis C virus in Thailand and Southeast Asia. PloS one, 2015, 10(5), e0126764
18. Kan, H.; Imamura, M.; Kawakami, Y.; Daijo, K.; Teraoka, Y.; Honda, F.; Nakamura, Y.; Morio, K.; Kobayashi, T.; Nakahara, T.; Nagaoki, Y.; Chayama, K. Emergence of drug resistance‐associated variants and changes in serum lipid profiles in sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir‐treated chronic Hepatitis C patients. J. Med. Virol. 2017, 89(11), 1963-1972.
19. Kanda, T.; Nakamoto, S.; Nakamura, M.; Jiang, X.; Miyamura, T.; Wu, S.; Yokosuka, O. (2014). Direct-acting antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C virus infection. J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol. 2014, 2(1), 1.
20. Mera, J.; Joshi, K.; Thornton, K.; Box, T.; Scott, J.; Sedillo, M.; Deming, P.; David, C.; Essex, W.; Manch, R.; Kohli, A. Retrospective study demonstrating high rates of sustained virologic response after treatment with direct-acting antivirals among american indian/alaskan natives. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 2019, 6 (7), ofz128.
21. Terrault, N.A.; Dodge, J.L.; Murphy, E.L.; Tavis, J.E.; Kiss, A.; Levin, T.R.; Gish, R.G.; Busch, M.P.; Reingold, A.L.; Alter, M.J. Sexual transmission of Hepatitis C virus among monogamous heterosexual couples: the HCV partners study. Hepatology. 2013, 57(3), 881-889.
22. Feld, J.J.; Jacobson, I.M.; Hézode, C.; Asselah, T.; Ruane, P.J.; Gruener, N.; Abergel, A.; Mangia, A.; Lai, C.L.; Chan, H.L. and Mazzotta, F.; Zeuzem, S. (2015). Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015, 373(27), 2599-2607.
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Dec 8, 2023
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Madiha Khalid, Abdul Rauf, Sadia Mumtaz, Aisha Siddique, & Zeeshan Anjum. (2023). DRUG RESPONSE OF UNTYPABLE HCV ISOLATES TO CURRENT DIRECTLY ACTING ANTIVIRAL (DAA) REGIMEN IN PAKISTAN. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 322-333. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i19.3642
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Author Biographies
Madiha Khalid
Department of Biotechnology, Chellah campus, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad 13100 –Pakistan
Abdul Rauf
Department of Zoology, King Abdullah Campus, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100 - Pakistan
Sadia Mumtaz
Department of Biotechnology, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh, 12500 – Pakistan
Aisha Siddique
Department of Microbiology, Women University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200 - Pakistan
Zeeshan Anjum
Department of Biotechnology, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad 13100 - Pakistan
How to Cite
Madiha Khalid, Abdul Rauf, Sadia Mumtaz, Aisha Siddique, & Zeeshan Anjum. (2023). DRUG RESPONSE OF UNTYPABLE HCV ISOLATES TO CURRENT DIRECTLY ACTING ANTIVIRAL (DAA) REGIMEN IN PAKISTAN. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 322-333. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i19.3642