AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF MANGIFERA INDICA LEAVES ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED TYPE II DIABETES IN MALE ALBINO (WISTAR) RAT MODEL: ROLE OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Mangifera indica, Animal model, Acute oral toxicity, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the body mechanisms. It has a severe impact on the essential organs and causes a decrease in pancreatic enzymes (lipase and amylase). The objective of this research work was to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of ethanolic leaves extract of Mangifera indica (M. indica) in type II diabetic male albino (Wistar) rat model. Streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in male rats. Glibenclamide (05 mg/kg), and sitagliptin (10 mg/kg) were used as standard drugs. Extract of M. indica at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively, were administered by oral route in diabetic rats daily up to 28 days. The extract of M. indica was assessed for its acute oral toxicity, biochemical parameters notably fasting blood glucose level and pancreatic enzymes; amylase and lipase, and its antioxidant effects in rats. Blood samples of rats were collected using cardiac puncture techniques for the biochemical analysis and fasting glucose levels were determined through strip method. Antioxidant potential of M. indica leaves extract in ethanol was assessed by using di-phenyl-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging assay. The result of an acute oral toxicity study revealed that the M. indica ethanolic leaves extract caused no behavioral changes and mortality in rats (LD50>6000 mg/kg). Extract of M. indica exhibited highly significant (p<0.001) antidiabetic effects by lowering the fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic rats and significantly (p<0.001) improved the levels of pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase) as compared with diabetes inducer group. M. indica leaves extract exhibited effective antioxidant activity.
References
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24. Thirumalai, S. and Sinha, K.K., 2011. Product recalls in the medical device industry: An empirical exploration of the sources and financial consequences. Management Science, 57(2), pp.376-392.
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26. Kim, J.D., Kang, S.M., Park, M.Y., Jung, T.Y., Choi, H.Y. and Ku, S.K., 2007. Ameliorative anti-diabetic activity of dangnyosoko, a Chinese herbal medicine, in diabetic rats. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 71(6), pp.1527-1534.
27. Saad, M.I., Kamel, M.A., Hanafi, M.Y., Helmy, M.H. and Shehata, R.R., 2014. Effect of sitagliptin and glimepiride on glucose homeostasis and cAMP levels in peripheral tissues of HFD/STZ diabetic rats. American Journal of Biomedical Research, 2(3), pp.52-60.
28. Atkin, S.H., Dasmahapatra, A., Jaker, M.A., Chorost, M.I. and Reddy, S., 1991. Fingerstick glucose determination in shock. Annals of Internal Medicine, 114(12), pp.1020-1024.
29. Paulose, C.S. and Dakshinamurti, K., 1987. Chronic catheterization using vascular-access-port in rats: blood sampling with minimal stress for plasma catecholamine determination. Journal of neuroscience methods, 22(2), pp.141-146.
30. Yoburn, B.C., Morales, R. and Inturrisi, C.E., 1984. Chronic vascular catheterization in the rat: comparison of three techniques. Physiology & behavior, 33(1), pp.89-94.
31. Iheanacho, S., Ogueji, E., Yaji, A., Dada, O., Mbah, C., Ifejimalu, A. and Ibrahim, B.U., 2017. Effects of herbal plants (Zingiber officinale and Hibiscus sabdariffa) as dietary additives on serum biochemistry and some metabolites in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). J. Coast. Life Med, 5(12), pp.516-520.
32. Aquisman, A.E., Klutse, C.K. and Droepenu, E.K., 2019. Phytochemical screening for antioxidant activity and elemental analysis of the leaves and cracked-barks of Mangifera indica (Mango). Archives of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1, pp.1-9.
33. Sharma, S.R., Dwivedi, S.K. and Swarup, D., 1997. Hypoglycaemic potential of Mangifera indica leaves in rats. International journal of pharmacognosy, 35(2), pp.130-133.
34. Zhang, Y., Li, J., Wu, Z., Liu, E., Shi, P., Han, L., Guo, L., Gao, X. and Wang, T., 2014. Acute and long-term toxicity of mango leaves extract in mice and rats. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 2014.
35. Sabu, M.C. and Kuttan, R., 2002. Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 81(2), pp.155-160.
36. Etuk, E.U., 2010. Animals models for studying diabetes mellitus. Agric Biol JN Am, 1(2), pp.130-134.
37. Dash, S., Pattnaik, G., Kar, B., Sahoo, N. and Bhattacharya, S., 2021. An approach towards method development to investigate the anti-diabetic activity on experimental animals. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 15(3), pp.330-348.
38. Zhou, J., Kang, X., Luo, Y., Yuan, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, M. and Liu, D., 2019. Glibenclamide-induced autophagy inhibits its insulin secretion-improving function in β cells. International journal of endocrinology, 2019.
39. Gallwitz, B., 2007. Review of sitagliptin phosphate: a novel treatment for type 2 diabetes. Vascular health and risk management, 3(2), pp.203-210.
40. Muruganandan, S., Srinivasan, K., Gupta, S., Gupta, P.K. and Lal, J., 2005. Effect of mangiferin on hyperglycemia and atherogenicity in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 97(3), pp.497-501.
41. Aderibigbe, A.O., Emudianughe, T.S. and Lawal, B.A.S., 2001. Evaluation of the antidiabetic action of Mangifera indica in mice. Phytotherapy research, 15(5), pp.456-458.
42. Perpétuo, G.F. and Salgado, J.M., 2003. Effect of mango (Mangifera indica, L.) ingestion on blood glucose levels of normal and diabetic rats. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 58, pp.1-12.
43. Nayan, V., Onteru, S.K. and Singh, D., 2018. Mangifera indica flower extract mediated biogenic green gold nanoparticles: Efficient nanocatalyst for reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 37(1), pp.283-294.
44. Prasad, C.V., Anjana, T., Banerji, A. and Gopalakrishnapillai, A., 2010. Gallic acid induces GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake activity in 3T3-L1 cells. FEBS letters, 584(3), pp.531-536.
45. Wang, F., Yan, J., Niu, Y., Li, Y., Lin, H., Liu, X., Liu, J. and Li, L., 2014. Mangiferin and its aglycone, norathyriol, improve glucose metabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Pharmaceutical biology, 52(1), pp.68-73.
46. Kwon, O., Eck, P., Chen, S., Corpe, C.P., Lee, J.H., Kruhlak, M. and Levine, M., 2007. Inhibition of the intestinal glucose transporter GLUT2 by flavonoids. The FASEB Journal, 21(2), pp.366-377.
47. Sarian, M.N., Ahmed, Q.U., Mat So’ad, S.Z., Alhassan, A.M., Murugesu, S., Perumal, V., Syed Mohamad, S.N.A., Khatib, A. and Latip, J., 2017. Antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of flavonoids: A structure-activity relationship based study. BioMed research international, 2017.
48. Nariya, P.B., Bhalodia, N.R., Shukla, V.J., Acharya, R. and Nariya, M.B., 2013. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of Cordia dichotoma (Forst f.) bark. Ayu, 34(1), p.124.
49. Rahman, M.M., Islam, M.B., Biswas, M. and Khurshid Alam, A.H.M., 2015. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of different parts of Tabebuia pallida growing in Bangladesh. BMC research notes, 8(1), pp.1-9.
50. Ayeleso, A., Brooks, N., Oguntibeju, O. and Mukwevho, E., 2016. Natural antioxidant vitamins: A review of their beneficial roles in management of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 15(6), pp.1341-1348.
2. King, H., Aubert, R.E. and Herman, W.H., 1998. Global burden of diabetes, 1995–2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes care, 21(9), pp.1414-1431.
3. Agardh, E., Agardh, C.D., Koul, S. and Torffvit, O., 1994. A four‐year follow‐up study on the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in older onset diabetes mellitus. Diabetic medicine, 11(3), pp.273-278.
4. Cohen, O., Norymberg, K., Neumann, E. and Dekel, H., 1998. Complication-free duration and the risk of development of retinopathy in elderly diabetic patients. Archives of internal medicine, 158(6), pp.641-644.
5. Blahova, J., Martiniakova, M., Babikova, M., Kovacova, V., Mondockova, V. and Omelka, R., 2021. Pharmaceutical drugs and natural therapeutic products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmaceuticals, 14(8), p.806.
6. Singh, R., Devi, S. and Gollen, R., 2015. Role of free radical in atherosclerosis, diabetes and dyslipidaemia: larger‐than‐life. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 31(2), pp.113-126.
7. Lollinger, J., 1981. Free Radicals and Food Additives. Ed. by Taylor and Francis, London, p. 121.
8. Singh, S. and Verma, S., 2023. DPPH Screening in Mentha and Guggul Plant Different Extract. International Journal of Agriculture and Animal Production (IJAAP) ISSN 2799-0907, 3(03), pp.33-38.
9. Baliyan, S., Mukherjee, R., Priyadarshini, A., Vibhuti, A., Gupta, A., Pandey, R.P. and Chang, C.M., 2022. Determination of antioxidants by DPPH radical scavenging activity and quantitative phytochemical analysis of Ficus religiosa. Molecules, 27(4), p.1326.
10. Gomathi, D., Ravikumar, G., Kalaiselvi, M., Devaki, K. and Uma, C., 2013. Efficacy of Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. on insulin and antioxidants activity in pancreas of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 12, pp.1-6.
11. Nearing, M.A.R.G.I.E., 1985. Green pharmacy: herbal medicines in modern usage. IDRC reports, v. 14, no. 1.
12. Akinpelu, D.A. and Onakoya, T.M., 2006. Antimicrobial activities of medicinal plants used in folklore remedies in south-western. African journal of Biotechnology, 5(11) 1078-1081.
13. Acosta-Esquijarosa, J., Jáuregui-Haza, U., Amaro-González, D. and Sordo-Martínez, L., 2009. Spray drying of aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L (Vimang): Scale up for the process. World Appl Sci J, 6, pp.408-412.
14. Parmar, H.S. and Kar, A., 2008. Antiperoxidative, antithyroidal, antihyperglycemic and cardioprotective role of Citrus sinensis peel extract in male mice. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 22(6), pp.791-795.
15. Rodríguez-González, S., Gutiérrez-Ruíz, I.M., Pérez-Ramírez, I.F., Mora, O., Ramos-Gomez, M. and Reynoso-Camacho, R., 2017. Mechanisms related to the anti-diabetic properties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) juice by-product. Journal of functional foods, 37, pp.190-199.
16. Bellini, M.F., Cabrioti, L.N., Terezan, A.P., Jordão, B.Q., Ribeiro, L.R. and Mantovani, M.S., 2008. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Agaricus blazei methanolic extract fractions assessed using gene and chromosomal mutation assays. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 31, pp.122-127.
17. Asante-Duah, D.K., 2002. Public health risk assessment for human exposure to chemicals (Vol. 6). London: Kluwer Academic.
18. Toxicity–Up, A.O., 2001. OECD guideline for testing of chemicals. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development: Paris, France.
19. Azmir, J., Zaidul, I.S.M., Rahman, M.M., Sharif, K.M., Mohamed, A., Sahena, F., Jahurul, M.H.A., Ghafoor, K., Norulaini, N.A.N. and Omar, A.K.M., 2013. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. Journal of food engineering, 117(4), pp.426-436.
20. Akerele, J.O., Obasuyi, O., Ebomoyi, M.I. and Oboh, I.E., 2008. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract and fractions of the seeds of Garcinia kola Heckel (Guttiferae). African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(2).169-172.
21. Van den Heuvel, M.J., Clark, D.G., Fielder, R.J., Koundakjian, P.P., Oliver, G.J.A., Pelling, D., Tomlinson, N.J. and Walker, A.P., 1990. The international validation of a fixed-dose procedure as an alternative to the classical LD50 test. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 28(7), pp.469-482.
22. Satyanarayana, N., Chinni, S.V., Gobinath, R., Sunitha, P., Uma Sankar, A. and Muthuvenkatachalam, B.S., 2022. Antidiabetic activity of Solanum torvum fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, p.987552.
23. Mambe, F.T., Tchinda, C.F., Wamba, B.E., Nayim, P., Ashu, F., Manekeng, H.T., Beng, V.P. and Kuete, V., 2022. Modes of action of the methanol extract and 3-O-[β-galactopyranosyl-(1→ 4)-β-D-galactopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid from Acacia polyacantha against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Investig Med Chem Pharmacol, 5, p.60.
24. Thirumalai, S. and Sinha, K.K., 2011. Product recalls in the medical device industry: An empirical exploration of the sources and financial consequences. Management Science, 57(2), pp.376-392.
25. Punithavathi, V.R., Anuthama, R. and Prince, P.S.M., 2008. Combined treatment with naringin and vitamin C ameliorates streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. Journal of Applied Toxicology: An International Journal, 28(6), pp.806-813.
26. Kim, J.D., Kang, S.M., Park, M.Y., Jung, T.Y., Choi, H.Y. and Ku, S.K., 2007. Ameliorative anti-diabetic activity of dangnyosoko, a Chinese herbal medicine, in diabetic rats. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 71(6), pp.1527-1534.
27. Saad, M.I., Kamel, M.A., Hanafi, M.Y., Helmy, M.H. and Shehata, R.R., 2014. Effect of sitagliptin and glimepiride on glucose homeostasis and cAMP levels in peripheral tissues of HFD/STZ diabetic rats. American Journal of Biomedical Research, 2(3), pp.52-60.
28. Atkin, S.H., Dasmahapatra, A., Jaker, M.A., Chorost, M.I. and Reddy, S., 1991. Fingerstick glucose determination in shock. Annals of Internal Medicine, 114(12), pp.1020-1024.
29. Paulose, C.S. and Dakshinamurti, K., 1987. Chronic catheterization using vascular-access-port in rats: blood sampling with minimal stress for plasma catecholamine determination. Journal of neuroscience methods, 22(2), pp.141-146.
30. Yoburn, B.C., Morales, R. and Inturrisi, C.E., 1984. Chronic vascular catheterization in the rat: comparison of three techniques. Physiology & behavior, 33(1), pp.89-94.
31. Iheanacho, S., Ogueji, E., Yaji, A., Dada, O., Mbah, C., Ifejimalu, A. and Ibrahim, B.U., 2017. Effects of herbal plants (Zingiber officinale and Hibiscus sabdariffa) as dietary additives on serum biochemistry and some metabolites in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). J. Coast. Life Med, 5(12), pp.516-520.
32. Aquisman, A.E., Klutse, C.K. and Droepenu, E.K., 2019. Phytochemical screening for antioxidant activity and elemental analysis of the leaves and cracked-barks of Mangifera indica (Mango). Archives of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1, pp.1-9.
33. Sharma, S.R., Dwivedi, S.K. and Swarup, D., 1997. Hypoglycaemic potential of Mangifera indica leaves in rats. International journal of pharmacognosy, 35(2), pp.130-133.
34. Zhang, Y., Li, J., Wu, Z., Liu, E., Shi, P., Han, L., Guo, L., Gao, X. and Wang, T., 2014. Acute and long-term toxicity of mango leaves extract in mice and rats. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 2014.
35. Sabu, M.C. and Kuttan, R., 2002. Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 81(2), pp.155-160.
36. Etuk, E.U., 2010. Animals models for studying diabetes mellitus. Agric Biol JN Am, 1(2), pp.130-134.
37. Dash, S., Pattnaik, G., Kar, B., Sahoo, N. and Bhattacharya, S., 2021. An approach towards method development to investigate the anti-diabetic activity on experimental animals. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 15(3), pp.330-348.
38. Zhou, J., Kang, X., Luo, Y., Yuan, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, M. and Liu, D., 2019. Glibenclamide-induced autophagy inhibits its insulin secretion-improving function in β cells. International journal of endocrinology, 2019.
39. Gallwitz, B., 2007. Review of sitagliptin phosphate: a novel treatment for type 2 diabetes. Vascular health and risk management, 3(2), pp.203-210.
40. Muruganandan, S., Srinivasan, K., Gupta, S., Gupta, P.K. and Lal, J., 2005. Effect of mangiferin on hyperglycemia and atherogenicity in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 97(3), pp.497-501.
41. Aderibigbe, A.O., Emudianughe, T.S. and Lawal, B.A.S., 2001. Evaluation of the antidiabetic action of Mangifera indica in mice. Phytotherapy research, 15(5), pp.456-458.
42. Perpétuo, G.F. and Salgado, J.M., 2003. Effect of mango (Mangifera indica, L.) ingestion on blood glucose levels of normal and diabetic rats. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 58, pp.1-12.
43. Nayan, V., Onteru, S.K. and Singh, D., 2018. Mangifera indica flower extract mediated biogenic green gold nanoparticles: Efficient nanocatalyst for reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 37(1), pp.283-294.
44. Prasad, C.V., Anjana, T., Banerji, A. and Gopalakrishnapillai, A., 2010. Gallic acid induces GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake activity in 3T3-L1 cells. FEBS letters, 584(3), pp.531-536.
45. Wang, F., Yan, J., Niu, Y., Li, Y., Lin, H., Liu, X., Liu, J. and Li, L., 2014. Mangiferin and its aglycone, norathyriol, improve glucose metabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Pharmaceutical biology, 52(1), pp.68-73.
46. Kwon, O., Eck, P., Chen, S., Corpe, C.P., Lee, J.H., Kruhlak, M. and Levine, M., 2007. Inhibition of the intestinal glucose transporter GLUT2 by flavonoids. The FASEB Journal, 21(2), pp.366-377.
47. Sarian, M.N., Ahmed, Q.U., Mat So’ad, S.Z., Alhassan, A.M., Murugesu, S., Perumal, V., Syed Mohamad, S.N.A., Khatib, A. and Latip, J., 2017. Antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of flavonoids: A structure-activity relationship based study. BioMed research international, 2017.
48. Nariya, P.B., Bhalodia, N.R., Shukla, V.J., Acharya, R. and Nariya, M.B., 2013. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of Cordia dichotoma (Forst f.) bark. Ayu, 34(1), p.124.
49. Rahman, M.M., Islam, M.B., Biswas, M. and Khurshid Alam, A.H.M., 2015. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of different parts of Tabebuia pallida growing in Bangladesh. BMC research notes, 8(1), pp.1-9.
50. Ayeleso, A., Brooks, N., Oguntibeju, O. and Mukwevho, E., 2016. Natural antioxidant vitamins: A review of their beneficial roles in management of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 15(6), pp.1341-1348.
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Dec 30, 2023
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Zubia Begum, Rehana Perveen, Hina Abrar, Najaf Farooq, Ghazala H Rizwani, & Saima Saleem. (2023). AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF MANGIFERA INDICA LEAVES ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED TYPE II DIABETES IN MALE ALBINO (WISTAR) RAT MODEL: ROLE OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 1692-1703. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i19.3537
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Author Biographies
Zubia Begum
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Baqai Pharmaceutical Science (BIPS), Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
Rehana Perveen
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Baqai Pharmaceutical Science (BIPS), Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
Hina Abrar
Department of Pharmacology, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Najaf Farooq
Department of Pharmaceutics, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan
Ghazala H Rizwani
Department of Bait-Ul-Hikmah, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
Saima Saleem
The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
How to Cite
Zubia Begum, Rehana Perveen, Hina Abrar, Najaf Farooq, Ghazala H Rizwani, & Saima Saleem. (2023). AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF MANGIFERA INDICA LEAVES ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED TYPE II DIABETES IN MALE ALBINO (WISTAR) RAT MODEL: ROLE OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(19), 1692-1703. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i19.3537