GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL REGION OF ARAIN ETHNIC GROUP IN PAKISTAN
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Keywords
Mitochondrial DNA, Arain, hyplogroup, ethnic group, maternal lineages
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that by examining people's genetic makeup, one can learn about the past movements of communities. Due to its significant evolutionary value, mitochondrial DNA is a suitable tool for determining human migration, geographic distribution, and population origin.. A given ethnic group's maternal lineages, as well as its evolutionary and emigrational histories, can be gleaned from the examination of mtDNA control regions. 100 samples were collected (83 samples showed results) and sequenced the entire mtDNA control region of 83 unrelated individuals in Pakistan from different areas of Pakistan. The samples were compared with the revised Cambridge reference sequences. 83 dictinct haplotypes were observed, all of them were unique, and none of them were shared by any individuals. The Arain population's mtDNA diversity was 0.9916, and its power of discrimination was 0.9917. The results showed a strongly admixture mtDNA pool consisting of Indian sub-continent R5a(R5a2) 7%, South Asia M30g(M30g) 5%, Eurasian, South Asian U2b(U2b) 5%, Central and Northeast Europe T1a(T1a1'3) 4.8%, South Asian hyplogroups include U2b(U2b2) 3.0% M34a(M34a1) 2.0% M18(M18'38) 2.0%. The R5a(R5a2) Haplogroups were discovered to clearly dominate other haplogroups. It implies that the different geographic location of the Arain population may be due to the heterogeneous haplogroup makeup of their mitochondrial DNA. It has highlighted mtDNA based genetic characterization of the population, the diversity and evolutionary aspects. The outcome of study is beneficial for medical applications and for human identification. The information is also a contribution to Pakistani population's national mtDNA data, which will be useful in criminal investigations.
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Farah Ahmad
Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, University of Central Punjab Lahore - Pakistan.
Muhammad Afzal
Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, University of Central Punjab Lahore - Pakistan.
Muhammad Saqib Shahzad
Government Post Graduate College Model Town Lahore - Pakistan.