Efficacy of different irrigating solution on smear layer removal of primary teeth root canals - A SEM study
Main Article Content
Keywords
Irrigating solutions, Smear layer, SEM and primary teeth
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MTAD, 0.9% normal saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, and ginger extract as the last irrigant in the elimination of the smear layer in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of primary teeth root canals following manual instrumentation.
Materials and methods: Using a 40# k file, 28 human extracted primary teeth were then randomly split into four groups (n=7), with the final irrigants being 0.9% normal saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, MTAD, and ginger extract. After splitting the decoronated teeth in half lengthwise, the amount of smear layer covering the dentinal surface was measured. SEM pictures were captured, data were examined using the student t test, Chi-square test, and Kruskal-Wallis test, and scoring was carried out according to Rome et al. criteria.
Result: Intergroup comparison shown statistically significant difference in all thirds with Biopure MTAD (p<0.0001) compared with other groups.
Conclusion: Biopure MTAD is an effective solution for the removal of the smear layer and the Ginger extract is an herbal alternative as root canal irrigant in primary teeth.
References
2. Patricia NT, Laura GP. Long-term outcomes of primary tooth pulpectomy with and without smear layer removal: A randomized split-mouth clinical trial. Pediatr Dent 2011; 33:3l6-20.
3. Pitoni CM, Figueiredo MC, Souza MAL. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and citric acid solutions for smear layer removal in primary tooth root canals. J Dent Child 2011; 78(3):131-37.
4. Andrea GA, Lucianne CM, Laura GP. Role of cariosolv and different auxiliary chemical substances in the removal of bovine root canal smear layer. J Oral Scien 2006; 48(3):99-103.
5. Salama FS, Abdelmegid FY. Six percent citric acid better than hydrogen peroxide in removing smear layer: an in vitro pilot study. Pediat Dent 1994; 16(6):424-26.
6. Tunga U, Parlak E, Bodrumlu E. Effect of F-File on removal of the smear layer: A scanning electron microscope study. Aust Endod J 2011; 37: 65–9.
7. Baumgarmer JC, Mader CL. A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of four root canal irrigation regimens. J Endod 1987; 13:147-57.
8. Calt S, Serper A. Time-dependent effects of EDTA on dentin structures. J Endod 2002; 28:17–9.
9. Rahman MSA, Thangaraj S, Salique SM, Khan KF, Natheer SE. Antimicrobial and biochemical analysis of some spices extract against food spoilage pathogens. Int J Food Safety 2010; 12: 71-5.
10. Kandaswamy D, Venkatesh Babu N, Gogulnath D, Kindo AJ. Dentinal tubule disinfection with 2% chlorexidine gel, propolis, Morinda citrifolia juice, 2% povidine iodine and calcium hydroxide. Int Endod J 2010; 43: 419-42.
11. Bohora A, Hegde V, Kokate S . Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of neem leaf extract and 2% sodium hypochlorite against E.faecalis, C.albicans and mixed culture- an in vitro study. Endodontology 2010; 22: 8-12.
12. Prabhakar J, Senthil kumar M, Priya M S, Mahalakshmi K, Sehgal PK, Sukumaran VG. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of herbal alternatives (Triphala and Green tea polyphenols), MTAD and 5% sodium hypochloride against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formed on tooth substrate: An invitro study. J Endod 2010; 36: 83-6.
13. Lahijini MSS, Raoof kateb HR, Heady R, Yazdini D. The effect of German chamomile (Marticaria recutita L.) extract and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia L.) oil used as irrigants: a scanning electron microscope study. Int Endod J 2006; 39:190-95.
14. Rome WJ, Doran JE, Walker WA. The effectiveness of Gly-Oxide and NaOCl in preventing smear layer formation. J Endod 1985; 11:281-88.
15. Torabinejad M, Cho Y, Khademi AA, Bakland LK, Shabahang S. The effect of various concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite on the ability of MTAD to remove thesmear layer. J Endod 2003; 29(4):233-39.
16. Violich DR, Chandler NP. The smear layer in endodontics-a review. Int Endod J 2010; 43(1):2-15.
17. Torabinejad M, Khademi AA, Babagoli J. A new solution for the removal of the smear layer. J Endod 2003; 29:170–5.
18. Baker NA, Eleazer PD, Auerbach RE, Seltzer S. Scanning electron microscope study of the efficacy of the various irrigating solutions. J Endod 1975; 1:127-35.
19. Druttman ACS, Stock CJR. An in vitro comparison of ultrasonic and conventional methods of irrigant replacement. Int Endod J 1989; 22:174-8.
20. Pascon FM, Kantovitz KR, Rontani RMR. Influence of cleansers and irrigation methods on primary and permanent rootdentin permeability: a literature review. Braz J Oral Sci.2006; 5(18):1063-69.
21. Gulve MN, Gulve ND. Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of Ginger extract and 2% Sodium Hypochlorite against Enterococcusfaecalisusing Agar diffusion method. J Ind Dent Assoc 2010; 4(10): 347-49.
22. Ali WM, Tawfiq NOM, Sulieman RT. Evaluation of antibacterial effects of Ginger extract when used as one component of the root canal sealers; (An in vitro study). Tikrit J Pharm Scien 2012; 8(2):162-70.
23. Maekawa LE, Oliveira LD. Effect of Zingiber officinale and propolis on microorganisms and endotoxins in root canals. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21(1):25-31.
24. Tay FR, Mazzoni A, Pashley DH. Potential iatrogenic tetracycline staining of endodontically treated teeth via NaOCl/ MTAD irrigation: a preliminary report. J Endod 2006; 32: 354–8.
25. Tay FR, Hiraishi N, Schuster GS. Reduction in antimicrobial substantivity of MTAD after initial sodium hypochlorite irrigation. J Endod 2006; 32:970–5.
26. Davies AK, Cundall RB, Dandiker Y, Slifkin MA. Photo-oxidation of tetracycline adsorbed on hydroxyapatite in relation to the light induced staining of teeth. J Dent Res 1985; 64:936–9.
27. Torabinejad M, Shabahang S, Aprecio RM, Kettering JD. The antimicrobial effect of MTAD: An in vitro investigation. J Endod 2003; 29(6):400-3.
28. Gulve MN, Gulve ND. Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of Ginger extract and 2% Sodium Hypochlorite against Enterococcusfaecalisusing Agar diffusion method. J Ind Dent Assoc 2010; 4(10): 347-49.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.