STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MALARIAL PARASITES IN HUMAN POPULATION OF DISTRICT MARDAN KHYBER-PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN.

Abstract

A mosquito serves as the illness's primary vector, and the genus Plasmodium's intracellular protozoan parasites invade red blood cells to generate the systemic vector-borne disease known as malaria. Due to its potential for fast progression to complications and mortality in the absence of quick and effective treatment, malaria is a medical emergency. The majority of factors that induce severe malaria include Plasmodium falciparum. A female Anopheles mosquito that is feeding infects the human host by injecting the parasites. The four species of Plasmodia that may infect people are P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. Among the four species, P. falciparum is the main species that causes severe disease and mortality. The second most lethal illness in the world is malaria. More than 300 million people are infected by the infectious disease each year, and it claims 1.5 to 2.7 million lives. A kid dies from the infectious illness every 30 seconds, or an estimated one million children under the age of five every year. About half of the world's population is at risk from malaria, and more than 1 million children die each year from its consequences. When mosquitoes that contain the malaria parasite bite and infect humans, the disease is spread. Malaria causes low birth weight (below 2500g) in pregnant women who are not treated, which can result in a variety of disabilities such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and cognitive deficiencies. In district Mardan this disease is more prevalent in males than females. From pathology Department Mardan medical complex 230 Blood samples were obtained, and thick and thin slides produced of them. for all individuals and studied its microscopy. 23 Positive cases were found out of 230 blood samples. In these 230 blood samples Plasmodium vivax were found 16 (6.9%) and plasmodium falciparum were found 7 (3.04%) and no mix infection was found. In 230 blood samples there were 15 (6.5%) males and 8 (3.4%) females which were infected by malaria parasite. In 15 infected males there were 11 (73.3%) P.vivax and 4 (26.6%) were P.falciparum. Also in 8 infected females there were 5 (62.5%) P.vivax and 3 (37.5%) were P.falciparum. In both males and females P.vivax were found more than P.falciparum. Month wise samples were collected and its prevalence was studied. Different age groups were made and malaria prevalence was studied in them. 5 years or less than 5 years group was not included. Malaria disease was found more in age group from 6 years up to 15 years.