EFFECT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC DOSING OF SOME PARTS OF PAPAYA TREE ON ESR LEVELS SUGGESTING ITS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL
Main Article Content
Keywords
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anti-inflammatory, papaya seeds, papaya fruit, papaya leaves
Abstract
A big portion of world’s population consumes natural substances to deal with unhealthy conditions. Carica Papaya L. of Caricaceae family is a herbaceous plant. Various parts of this plant including fruits, leaves, roots, peel, seeds have different distinctive therapeutic value. Papaya fruit has laxative properties, seeds have anti-tumor effect, whereas papaya leaves have become recognized for their beneficial effects on bowel movement. This study was conducted to observe and investigate the effect of short-term and long-term dosing of different edible (ripe and unripe fruit) and non-edible (seeds and leaves) parts of papaya on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in rabbits. Acute and chronic dosing of all types of papaya extract showed no significant effect on ESR. Chronic dosing of Ripe Papaya fruit solution significantly lowered the serum ESR. No significant difference was found between the acute and chronic dosing days of each group. It was concluded that chronic dosing of Carica papaya Linn. extracts, including the fruit, seed, and leaf, may possess anti-inflammatory properties as evidenced by reduction in ESR values. However, future in-vivo and in-vitro studies are recommended to confirm anti-inflammatory effect and its exact mechanism
References
2. van Wyk, A.S. and Prinsloo, G., 2020. Health, safety and quality concerns of plant-based traditional medicines and herbal remedies. South African Journal of Botany, 133, pp.54-62.
3. Tugume, P. and Nyakoojo, C., 2019. Ethno-pharmacological survey of herbal remedies used in the treatment of paediatric diseases in Buhunga parish, Rukungiri District, Uganda. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19(1), pp.1-10.
4. Jaradat, N. and Zaid, A.N., 2019. Herbal remedies used for the treatment of infertility in males and females by traditional healers in the rural areas of the West Bank/Palestine. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19(1), pp.1-12.
5. Sarfaraz, S., Ikram, R., Osama, M. and Anser, H., 2020. Effect of different doses of lyophilized beetroot on fertility and reproductive hormones. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33(6).
6. Osama, M., Ikram, R., Sarfaraz, S., Ahmed, S. and Iqbal, A., 2020. Screening of water distilled Rosa damascena Mill. flowers as hematopoietic agent in an animal model. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33(1).
7. Dotto, J.M. and Abihudi, S.A., 2021. Nutraceutical value of Carica papaya: A review. Scientific African, 13, p.e00933.
8. Zhou, X., Fu, L., Wang, P., Yang, L., Zhu, X. and Li, C.G., 2021. Drug-herb interactions between Scutellaria baicalensis and pharmaceutical drugs: Insights from experimental studies, mechanistic actions to clinical applications. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 138, p.111445.
9. Committee on Occupational Safety, Health in Research Animal Facilities, National Research Council, Commission on Life Sciences and Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, 1997. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals. National Academy Press.
10. Jain D, Daima HK, Kachhwaha S, Kothari SL. (2009). Synthesis of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using papaya fruit extract and evaluation of their anti microbial activities. Digest journal of nanomaterials and biostructures, 4(3):557-63.
11. Muhammad Osama, Rahila Ikram, Calvin R. Wei, Raheela Saleem, Maddalena Zippi, Sumaira Khadim, Mamoona Qureshi, & Shoaib Alam. (2023). A COMPARATIVE IN-VIVO STUDY TO EVALUATE CHRONIC BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF SOME EDIBLE AND NON-EDIBLE PARTS OF CARICA PAPAYA PLANT REVEALED HEPATOTOXIC AND CARDIOTOXIC NATURE OF PAPAYA SEEDS. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(2), 478–486.
12. Osama, M., Ikram, R., Wei, C.R., Saharan, N., Khadim, S., Iqbal, A. and Alam, S., 2023. ALTERATIONS IN SERUM ELECTROLYTES FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC DOSING OF SOME PARTS OF PAPAYA TREE UNLASHED THEIR POTENTIAL TOXIC EFFECTS. A THOUGHT PROVOKING FINDING FROM NUTRITIONAL AND HEALTH PERSPECTIVE. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(1), pp.546-552.
13. Maqdoom F, Sabeen H, Zarina S. (2013). Papaya fruit extract: a potent source for synthesis of bionanoparticle. Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 7(4A):1518.
14. Udoh P, Essien I, Udoh F. (2005). Effects of Carica papaya (paw paw) seeds extract on the morphology of pituitary–gonadal axis of male Wistar rats. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 19(12):1065-8.
15. Sadek KM. (2012). Antioxidant and immunostimulant effect of Carica papaya Linn. aqueous extract in acrylamide intoxicated rats. Acta Informatica Medica 20(3):180.
16. Patil S, Shetty S, Bhide R, Narayanan S. (2013). Evaluation of platelet augmentation activity of Carica papaya leaf aqueous extract in rats. Journal of Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, 1(5).
17. Siddiq A, Ambreen G, Hussain K, Baig SG. Oxidative stress and lipid per-oxidation with repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils in different doses in comparison with single time heated vegetable oils. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2019 Sep 1;32(5):2099-106.
18. Abbas A, Ikram R, Khan SS, Ahmed S, Osama M. The Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare incorporated diet shows anxiolytic potential: A pre-clinical study. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2019 Jul 1;32(4):1813-9.
19. Osama M, Ikram R. Aqua distillation enhances the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Rosa damascena Mill.; A pilot study. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2018 Dec 1;9(12):5344-9.
20. Sarfaraz S, Rahela I, Rabia M, Muhammad O, Sabiha G, Muhammad S. Rising trend of Nutraceuticals: Evaluation of lyophilized beetroot powder at different doses for its hypolipidemic effects. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2021 Jul 1;4:1315-22.
21. Younus I, Siddiq A, Baig SG, Khan SS, Ahmed S, Osama M. Evaluation of pharmacological and toxic effects of ethanolic extract of radish pods in albino rabbits: A biochemical and histopathological study.
22. Gilmour, D., and Sykes, A. J. (1951). Westergren and Wintrobe methods of estimating ESR compared. Br Med J, 2(4746), 1496-1497.
23. Dharmarathna, S. L., et al. (2013). "Does Carica papaya leaf-extract increase the platelet count? An experimental study in a murine model." Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 3(9): 720-724.
24. Owoyele, B. V., et al. (2008). "Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves." Inflammopharmacology 16(4): 168-173.
25. Pandey, S., et al. (2016). "Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of Carica papaya." Journal of Immunotoxicology 13(4): 590-602
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Muhammad Osama
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
Rahila Ikram
Faculty of Pharmacy, Salim Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Calvin R. Wei
Department of Research and Development, Shing Huei Group, Taipei, Taiwan
Raheela Saleem
College of Pharmacy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Geeta Kumari
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Fahad Jibran Siyal
Department of Pharmacology, Chandka Medical College, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical
University, Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan
Soha Khan
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
Shoaib Alam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan