TO UNRAVELLING THE LINKS: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, COPYING STRATEGIES AND SUICIDAL IDEATION IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT OF PAKISTAN
Main Article Content
Keywords
Psychological Distress (Depression, anxiety and stress), coping strategies and suicidal ideation.
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to look at the relationship between university students' suicide thoughts and psychological discomfort (depression, anxiety, and stress). The sample size was two hundred (N=200), of whom 95 were male (n=95) and 105 were female (n=105). Data is obtained from several universities via online surveys as well as data acquired physically. Psychological distress, coping methods, and suicidal ideation were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), the Coping Scale (Hamby, Grych, & Banyard, 2013), and the Suicide Ideation Scale (Beck, Kovacs & Weissman). Results clearly indicated that there is strong positive relationship between psychological distress, suicide ideation (.329**) and that of psychological distress (that is depression, anxiety and stress). Hence it was found to be the predicators of suicide ideation. Furthermore, a negative correlation among psychological distress and that of coping strategies was obtained (-.218**). Similarly, negative correlation between coping strategies and suicide ideation was also found (-.042). In light of the study's findings, it is concluded that psychological distress is a predictor of both suicidal ideation and coping mechanisms. Likewise a negatively correlated was obtained between psychological distress and suicide ideation.
References
2. American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5™, 5th ed.; American Psychiatric Publishing: Arlington, VA, USA, 2013.
3. Bazrafshan, M., Jahangir, F., Mansouri, A., & Kashfi, S. (2014). Coping strategies in people attempting suicide. International Journal of High Risk Behaviours and Addiction, 3, e16265. doi:10.5812/ijhrba.16265
4. Boden, J., Fergusson, D., & Horwood, L. (2006). Anxiety disorders and suicidal
behaviors in young adulthood: Findings from a longitudinal study. Psychological
Medicine, 37(3), 431–440. doi:10.1017/S0033291706009147
5. Drum, D.J., Brownson, C., Denmark, A.B., & Smith, M.E. (2009). New data on the nature of suicidal crises in college students: Shifting the paradigm. Professional Psychology: Research and Practices, 40,213-22.
6. Folkman S. (2010) An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219- 239.
7. Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Fox, K. R., Bentley, K. H., Kleiman, E. M., Huang, X., Musacchio, K. M., Jaroszewski, A. C., Chang, B. P., & Nock, M. K. (2017). Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(2), 187–232.
8. John, O., & Gross, J. (2004). Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development. Journal of Personality, 72, 1301–1334. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00298.x
9. Juhnke, G.S., Granello, D.H., & Granello, P.F. (2011). Suicide, Self-injury and Violence in the Scholls. Assessment, Prevention and Intervention Strategies. New Jersey: John Wiley and Son, Inc.
10. Klonsky, E. D., May, A. M., & Saffer, B. Y. (2016). Suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 307–330.
11. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY: Springer
12. Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF. Manual for the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales ( 2nd edition). Psychology Foundation; 1995.
13. Mahmoud, J. S. R., Staten, R. T., Hall, L. A., & Lennie, T. A. (2012). The relationship among young adult college students’ depression, anxiety, stress, demographics, life satisfaction, and coping styles. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 33, 149-156.
14. Miranda, D., Gaudreau, P., Debrosse, R., Morizot, J., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2012). Variations on internalizing psychopathology. In R. MacDonald, G. Kreutz & L. Mitchell (Eds.), Music, health and wellbeing (pp. 513–530). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
15. Pietrzak, R. H., Russo, A. R., Ling, Q., & Southwick, S. M. (2011). Suicidal ideation in
treatment-seeking veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom: The
role of coping strategies, resilience, and social support. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 720–726. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.11.015
16. Ramos, J. A. (2011). A comparison of perceived stress levels and coping styles of nontraditional graduate students in distance learning versus on-campus programs. Comtemporary Educational Technology, 2(4), 282–293.
17. Richard-Devantoy, S., Yang, D., Gustavo, T., & Fabrice, J. (2017). Attentional bias
toward suicide-relevant information in suicide attempters: A cross-sectional study
and a meta-analysis. European Psychiatry, 41, S401. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.471
18. Shaheen, F., & Alam, S. (2010). Psychological distress and its relational to attributional styles and coping strategies among adolescents. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36(2), 231–238.
19. Shamsuddin, K., Fadzil, F., Ismail, W. S. W., Shah, S. A., Omar, K., Muhammad, N. A., Jaffar, A., Ismail, A., Mahadevan, R. (2013). Correlates of depression, anxiety and stress
among Malaysian university students. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 6(4), 318–23.
doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2013.01.014
20. Snider, A. M. (2011). Youth suicide, subjective well-being and the role of place in New Zealand (Unpublished master’s thesis). School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
21. W. H. O. WHO, "World Health Organization," 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/suicide
22. Wang, L., He, C. Z., Yu, Y. M., Qui, X. H., Yang, X. X., Qiao, Z. X., … Yang, Y. J. (2014). Association between impulsivity, aggression and suicide in Chinese college students. BMC Public Health, 14, 551–558.
23. Zhang, X., Wang, H., Xia, Y., Liu, X., & Jung, E. (2012). Stress, coping and suicide ideation in Chinese college students. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 683–690. doi:10.1016/ j.adolescence.2011.10.003