Investigation Of The Relationship Between The Mesio Distal Width Of Upper Anterior Teeth And Inner Canthal Distance By Eye-Rima Oris Distance In The Population Residing In Hyderabad Sindh
Main Article Content
Keywords
Vertical Dimension Of Occlusion, Eye-Rima Oris Distance, Nasal To Gnathion, Subnasal To Menton
Abstract
Dimension of occlusion (VDO) indicates face length. Increased VDO may cause pain in muscles and joint, difficulty in phonation and swallowing, sensitivity in tooth because of traumatogenic forces, abnormal wearing of teeth, tired facial expression an, and elongated face. To determine the vertical dimension of occlusion by eye-Rima Oris distance and its relation to measurements of nasal to gnathion and subnasal to menton.Cross Sectional Study was done.The Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, LUMHS, Jamshoro. From April 2018-February 2019.Total 115 were enrolled in to the study. Dots were placed on nose tip (N) and chin tip (Gn) and observation were recorded. The gap between Me and Sn was also noted. Tounge blade was used for achieving parallelism between under chin and nasal septum. Distance from outer eye to mouth corner was measure to record outcomes variable (eye-RO). Relationship was determined using Pearson correlation. Statistical significance was considered for p≤0.05. Mean Nasion-gnathion, subnasal-menton and Eye-rimaoris was 66.36±2.58, 53.98±3.43 and 64.39±3.66 respectively. The results show positive and negligible correlation between Eye-rimaoris and Nasion-gnathion. While low positive correlation was found for as Eye-rimaoris with subnasal-menton. The results also showed significant mean difference of Eye-rimaoris with Nasion-gnathion and Eye-rimaoris with subnasal-menton..Eye-Rima Oris distance is a consistent approach for prediction of the Vertical Dimension of Occlusion.
References
1. ToolsonLB, Smith DE. Clinical measurement and evaluation of vertical dimension. J Prosthet Dent. 1982 Mar 1;47(3):236-41.
2. Discacciati JA, de Souza EL, Vasconcellos WA, Costa SC, de Magalhães Barros V. Increased vertical dimension of occlusion: signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and options. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013 Jan 1;14(1):123.
3. McGee GF. Use of facial measurements in determining vertical dimension. J Am Dent Assoc. 1947 Sep 1;35(5):342-50.
4. Qamar K, Munir U, Naeem S. Role of cephalometery in evaluation of vertical dimension. Pak Oral Dental J. 2013 Apr 1;33(1).
5. Kumari M, Fida M. Vertical facial and dental arch dimensional changes in extraction vs. non-extraction orthodontic treatment. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010;20(1):17.
6. Bilhan H, Geckili O, Ergin S, Erdogan O, Ates G. Evaluation of satisfaction and complications in patients with existing complete dentures. J Oral Sci. 2013;55(1):29-37.
7. Allonso AA, AlbertiniJS, Bechelli AH. Oclusión y diagnóstico en rehabilitación oral. Buenos Aires: MédicaPanamericana. PediatrPanam. 2004:652.
8. Alhajj MN, Khalifa N, Amran A. Eye-rimaoris distance and its relation to the vertical dimension of occlusion measured by two methods: anthropometric study in a sample of Yemeni dental students. Eur J Dent. 2016 Jan;10(1):29-33
9. Nagpal A, Parkash H, Bhargava A, Chittaranjan B. Reliability of different facial measurements for determination of vertical dimension of occlusion in edentulous using accepted facial dimensions recorded from dentulous subjects. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2014 Sep 1;14(3):233-42.
10. Delić Z, Šimunović-Šoškić M, Perinić-Gržić R, Vukovojac S, Rajić Z, Kuna T, Kuna T. Evaluation of craniometric methods for determination of vertical dimension of occlusion. CollAntropol. 2000 Jun 16;24(1):31-5.
11. Basnet BB, Singh RK, ParajuliPK, Shrestha P. Correlation between facial measurements and occlusal vertical dimension: An anthropometric study in two ethnic groups of Nepal. Int J Dent Sci Res. 2014;2:171-4.
12. Tina-OlaivarEO, Olaivar OK. A comparative study of the upper and lower vertical facial measurements of the Filipinos as it is used in the Willis method for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion. J Philipp Dent Assoc. 1998;50(1):44-8.
13. Dawson PE. Evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of occlusal problems (2nd ed). St Louis: Mosby 1989; 632.
14. Silverman MM. The speaking method in measuring vertical dimension. J Prost Dent 1953;3(2):193-9.
15. Bissasu M. Pre-extraction records for complete denture fabrication: A literature review. J Prosthet Dent 2004;91:55-8.
16. Chou TM, Moore DJ, Young L Jr, Glaros AG. A diagnostic craniometric method for determining occlusal vertical dimension. J Prosthet Dent 1994;71:568-74.
17. 0. Brar A, Mattoo KA, Singh Y, Singh M, Khurana PRS, Singh M. Clinical Reliability of Different Facial Measurements in Determining Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Dentulous and Edentulous Subjects. Int J ProsthodontRestor Dent 2014;4(2):1-5.
18. 1. Wylie WL. The Naso-Meatal line as a guide for the determination of the occlusal plane. Dent Res 1944;23:309-312.
19. 2. Willis FM. Esthetics of full denture construction. JADA 1930;17:636-641.
20. 3. Moore AW. Observations on facial growth and its clinical significance. Am J Orthodontics 1959;45:399-423.
21. 4. Goldstein A. Potentials in pattern of mandible. Angle Orthodontics 1959;29:206-217
22. 5. Wylie WL. The relationship between ramus height, dental height and overbite. Am J Orthodontics 1946;32:56-67.
23. 6. Thompson JR. The rest position of the mandible and its significance to dental science. JADA 1946 Feb;33:151-180.
24. 7. Rugh JD, Drago CJ. Vertical dimension: a study of clinical rest position and jaw muscle activity. J Prosthet Dent 1981;45:670-675.
25. 8. Toolson LB, Smith DE. Clinical measurement and evaluation of vertical dimension. J Prosthet Dent 1982;47:236-241.
26. 9. Fayz F, Eslami A. Determination of occlusal vertical dimension: a literature review. J Prosthet Dent 1988;59: 321-323.
27. 10. McCord JF, Grant AA. Registration: Stage II - Intermaxillary relations. Br Dent J 2000;188:601-606.
28. 11. Ramjford SP, Ash MM. Diagnosis and treatment plan. In: Ramjford SP, Ash M, editors. Occlusion. WB Saunders company, Philadelphia;1966:102.
29. 12. Wylie WL. Overbite and vertical dimension in terms of muscle balance. Angle Orthodontics 1944;14:13-17.
30. 13. Willis FM. Features of the face involved in full denture prosthesis. Dent Cosmos 1935;77:851.
31. 14. Niswonger ME. The rest position of the mandible and the centric relation. J Am Dent Assoc 1934;20:1572-1576.
32. 15. McMillan DR, Barbenel JC, Quinn. Measurements of occlusal face height by dividers. Dent Pract Dent Ret 1970;20:177.
33. 16. Tryde G, McMillan DR, Christensen J, et al. The fallacy of facial measurements of occlusal height in edentulous patients. J Oral Rehabil 1976;33:353.
34. 17. Boos RH. Intermaxillary relation established by biting power. J Am Dent Assoc 1940;27:1192-1197.
35. 18. Tueller M. The relationship between the vertical dimension of occlusion and forces generated by closing muscles of mastication. J Prosthet Dent 1969;22:284-289.
36. 19. Lytle R. Vertical relationship of occlusion by the patient’s neuromuscular preceptor. J Prosthet Dent 1964;14:12-18.
37. 20. Shanahan EJ. Physiologic vertical dimension and centric relation. J Prosthet Dent 1956;6:741.
38. 21. Boucher LJ. Can biting force be used as a criteria for registering vertical dimension. J Prosthet Dent 1959;9:594-599.
39. 22. Ismail J, George A. The consistency of the swallowing technique on determining occlusal vertical dimension in edentulous patients. J Prosthet Dent 1968;19:230-234.
40. 23. Finnegan FJ. Determination of maxillofacial force during deglutition. J Prosthet Dent 1967;17:134-137.
41. 24. Silverman M. Speaking method in measuring vertical dimension. J Prosthet Dent 1953;3:193-195.
42. 25. Moyers R. An electromyographic analysis of certain muscles involved in temporomandibular joint movement. Am J Orthod 1950;36:481-486.
43. 26. Jarabak JR. An EMG analysis of muscular behavior in mandibular movements from rest position. J Prosthet Dent 1957;7:682-685.
44. 27. Garnick J, Ramjford. Rest position of mandible. J Prosthet Dent 1962;12:895-899.
45. 28. Silliamson EH, Woelfel JP, Williams BH. A longitudinal study of rest position and centric occlusion. Angle Orthod 1975;45:130-135.
46. 29. Griffiths MJ. Telemetry and the study of vertical jaw relations. J Prosthet Dent 1975;3:261-265.
47. 30. Lemmer J, Lewin Van Ransburg. The measurement of jaw movement. J Prosthet Dent 1976 Aug;36(2):211-215.
48. 31. Monteith B. The role of the free-way space in the generation of muscle pain among denture-wearers. J Oral Rehabil 1984;11:483-498.
49. 32. Hellsing G, Ekstrand K. Ability of edentulous human beings to adapt to changes in vertical dimension. J Oral Rehabil 1987;14(4):379-383.
50. 33. Mohindra NK, Bulman JS. The effect of increasing vertical dimension of occlusion on facial aesthetics. Br Dent J 2002 Feb 9;192(3):164-168.
51. 34. Gillis, Robert R. Establishing vertical dimension in full denture construction. JADA 1941;28:430-436.
52. 35. Tench RW. Danger in dental reconstruction involving increase of vertical dimension of lower third of human face. JADA 1938;25:566-569.
53. 36. Pleasure MA. Correct vertical dimension and freeway space. JADA 1943;43:160-163.
54. 37. Boos RH. Occlusion from rest position. J Prosthet Dent 1952;2:575-588.
55. 38. Thomas EJ Shanahan. Dental physiology for dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1952;2:3-11.
56. 21. Zarb GA, Bergman BO, Clayton JA, Mackay H. Prosthodontic treatment for partially edentulous patients. St Louis Mosby 1978:619.
57. 22. Cardoso AC. Occlusion. For you and me. In: Baratieri LN (ed). Dentistry: Preventive and restorative procedures. São Paulo: Santos 1989: 12-22
58. 23. RamfjordSP, Ash MM. Occlusion (3rd ed). Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co. 1983: 472
59. Rebibo M, Darmouni L, Jouvin J, Orthlieb JD. Vertical dimension of occlusion: the keys to decision. IntJstomatol&occlu med 2009 Sep 1;2(3):147.
60. Gaspard M. Dental Occlusion Disorders and SADAM. In Collection of the Dentist-Dentist. Procodif editor. Sévres, 1985
61. Lee RL. Anterior guidance. In: Lundeen HC, Gibbs CH (eds) Advances in occlusion. J Wright Ed Boston 1982;51–79.
62. Palla S. The Vertical Dimension. Knowledge and uncertainties. In The vertical dimension: myths and limits. Nat Coll Occlusodontol1995; 3-12
63. Ravon P. Morphological relations between the dental organs and the face. Statistic study. Uni Montpellier, Montpellier, 1986.
64. Rivera-Morales WC etMohl ND. Relationship of occlusal vertical dimension to the health of the masticatory system. J Prosthet Dent 1991;65:547–3.
65. 30.Rugh JD et Drago CJ. Vertical dimension: a study of clinical rest position and jaw muscle activity. J Prosth Dent 1981;45:670–5.
66. Dawson PE. The problems of occlusion. Diagnosis evaluation and treatment. JulienPrelat; Paris, 1977
67. Magnusson T. Signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction in complete denture wearers five years after receiving new dentures. Cranio 1985;3:267–72.
68. Orthlieb J-D, Laplanche O and PreckelEB. The occlusal function and its dysfunctions. Clin Real 1996; 7: 131-43
69. Tallents RH, Macher DJ, Kyrkanides S, KatzbergRWet Moss ME. Prevalence of missing posterior teeth and intraarticulartemporomandibular disorders. J Prosthet Dent 2002;87:45–50
70. Niswonger ME. Obtaining the vertical relation in edentulous cases that existed prior to extraction. J Am Dent Asssoc 1938; 25:1842–7.
2. Discacciati JA, de Souza EL, Vasconcellos WA, Costa SC, de Magalhães Barros V. Increased vertical dimension of occlusion: signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and options. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013 Jan 1;14(1):123.
3. McGee GF. Use of facial measurements in determining vertical dimension. J Am Dent Assoc. 1947 Sep 1;35(5):342-50.
4. Qamar K, Munir U, Naeem S. Role of cephalometery in evaluation of vertical dimension. Pak Oral Dental J. 2013 Apr 1;33(1).
5. Kumari M, Fida M. Vertical facial and dental arch dimensional changes in extraction vs. non-extraction orthodontic treatment. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010;20(1):17.
6. Bilhan H, Geckili O, Ergin S, Erdogan O, Ates G. Evaluation of satisfaction and complications in patients with existing complete dentures. J Oral Sci. 2013;55(1):29-37.
7. Allonso AA, AlbertiniJS, Bechelli AH. Oclusión y diagnóstico en rehabilitación oral. Buenos Aires: MédicaPanamericana. PediatrPanam. 2004:652.
8. Alhajj MN, Khalifa N, Amran A. Eye-rimaoris distance and its relation to the vertical dimension of occlusion measured by two methods: anthropometric study in a sample of Yemeni dental students. Eur J Dent. 2016 Jan;10(1):29-33
9. Nagpal A, Parkash H, Bhargava A, Chittaranjan B. Reliability of different facial measurements for determination of vertical dimension of occlusion in edentulous using accepted facial dimensions recorded from dentulous subjects. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2014 Sep 1;14(3):233-42.
10. Delić Z, Šimunović-Šoškić M, Perinić-Gržić R, Vukovojac S, Rajić Z, Kuna T, Kuna T. Evaluation of craniometric methods for determination of vertical dimension of occlusion. CollAntropol. 2000 Jun 16;24(1):31-5.
11. Basnet BB, Singh RK, ParajuliPK, Shrestha P. Correlation between facial measurements and occlusal vertical dimension: An anthropometric study in two ethnic groups of Nepal. Int J Dent Sci Res. 2014;2:171-4.
12. Tina-OlaivarEO, Olaivar OK. A comparative study of the upper and lower vertical facial measurements of the Filipinos as it is used in the Willis method for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion. J Philipp Dent Assoc. 1998;50(1):44-8.
13. Dawson PE. Evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of occlusal problems (2nd ed). St Louis: Mosby 1989; 632.
14. Silverman MM. The speaking method in measuring vertical dimension. J Prost Dent 1953;3(2):193-9.
15. Bissasu M. Pre-extraction records for complete denture fabrication: A literature review. J Prosthet Dent 2004;91:55-8.
16. Chou TM, Moore DJ, Young L Jr, Glaros AG. A diagnostic craniometric method for determining occlusal vertical dimension. J Prosthet Dent 1994;71:568-74.
17. 0. Brar A, Mattoo KA, Singh Y, Singh M, Khurana PRS, Singh M. Clinical Reliability of Different Facial Measurements in Determining Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Dentulous and Edentulous Subjects. Int J ProsthodontRestor Dent 2014;4(2):1-5.
18. 1. Wylie WL. The Naso-Meatal line as a guide for the determination of the occlusal plane. Dent Res 1944;23:309-312.
19. 2. Willis FM. Esthetics of full denture construction. JADA 1930;17:636-641.
20. 3. Moore AW. Observations on facial growth and its clinical significance. Am J Orthodontics 1959;45:399-423.
21. 4. Goldstein A. Potentials in pattern of mandible. Angle Orthodontics 1959;29:206-217
22. 5. Wylie WL. The relationship between ramus height, dental height and overbite. Am J Orthodontics 1946;32:56-67.
23. 6. Thompson JR. The rest position of the mandible and its significance to dental science. JADA 1946 Feb;33:151-180.
24. 7. Rugh JD, Drago CJ. Vertical dimension: a study of clinical rest position and jaw muscle activity. J Prosthet Dent 1981;45:670-675.
25. 8. Toolson LB, Smith DE. Clinical measurement and evaluation of vertical dimension. J Prosthet Dent 1982;47:236-241.
26. 9. Fayz F, Eslami A. Determination of occlusal vertical dimension: a literature review. J Prosthet Dent 1988;59: 321-323.
27. 10. McCord JF, Grant AA. Registration: Stage II - Intermaxillary relations. Br Dent J 2000;188:601-606.
28. 11. Ramjford SP, Ash MM. Diagnosis and treatment plan. In: Ramjford SP, Ash M, editors. Occlusion. WB Saunders company, Philadelphia;1966:102.
29. 12. Wylie WL. Overbite and vertical dimension in terms of muscle balance. Angle Orthodontics 1944;14:13-17.
30. 13. Willis FM. Features of the face involved in full denture prosthesis. Dent Cosmos 1935;77:851.
31. 14. Niswonger ME. The rest position of the mandible and the centric relation. J Am Dent Assoc 1934;20:1572-1576.
32. 15. McMillan DR, Barbenel JC, Quinn. Measurements of occlusal face height by dividers. Dent Pract Dent Ret 1970;20:177.
33. 16. Tryde G, McMillan DR, Christensen J, et al. The fallacy of facial measurements of occlusal height in edentulous patients. J Oral Rehabil 1976;33:353.
34. 17. Boos RH. Intermaxillary relation established by biting power. J Am Dent Assoc 1940;27:1192-1197.
35. 18. Tueller M. The relationship between the vertical dimension of occlusion and forces generated by closing muscles of mastication. J Prosthet Dent 1969;22:284-289.
36. 19. Lytle R. Vertical relationship of occlusion by the patient’s neuromuscular preceptor. J Prosthet Dent 1964;14:12-18.
37. 20. Shanahan EJ. Physiologic vertical dimension and centric relation. J Prosthet Dent 1956;6:741.
38. 21. Boucher LJ. Can biting force be used as a criteria for registering vertical dimension. J Prosthet Dent 1959;9:594-599.
39. 22. Ismail J, George A. The consistency of the swallowing technique on determining occlusal vertical dimension in edentulous patients. J Prosthet Dent 1968;19:230-234.
40. 23. Finnegan FJ. Determination of maxillofacial force during deglutition. J Prosthet Dent 1967;17:134-137.
41. 24. Silverman M. Speaking method in measuring vertical dimension. J Prosthet Dent 1953;3:193-195.
42. 25. Moyers R. An electromyographic analysis of certain muscles involved in temporomandibular joint movement. Am J Orthod 1950;36:481-486.
43. 26. Jarabak JR. An EMG analysis of muscular behavior in mandibular movements from rest position. J Prosthet Dent 1957;7:682-685.
44. 27. Garnick J, Ramjford. Rest position of mandible. J Prosthet Dent 1962;12:895-899.
45. 28. Silliamson EH, Woelfel JP, Williams BH. A longitudinal study of rest position and centric occlusion. Angle Orthod 1975;45:130-135.
46. 29. Griffiths MJ. Telemetry and the study of vertical jaw relations. J Prosthet Dent 1975;3:261-265.
47. 30. Lemmer J, Lewin Van Ransburg. The measurement of jaw movement. J Prosthet Dent 1976 Aug;36(2):211-215.
48. 31. Monteith B. The role of the free-way space in the generation of muscle pain among denture-wearers. J Oral Rehabil 1984;11:483-498.
49. 32. Hellsing G, Ekstrand K. Ability of edentulous human beings to adapt to changes in vertical dimension. J Oral Rehabil 1987;14(4):379-383.
50. 33. Mohindra NK, Bulman JS. The effect of increasing vertical dimension of occlusion on facial aesthetics. Br Dent J 2002 Feb 9;192(3):164-168.
51. 34. Gillis, Robert R. Establishing vertical dimension in full denture construction. JADA 1941;28:430-436.
52. 35. Tench RW. Danger in dental reconstruction involving increase of vertical dimension of lower third of human face. JADA 1938;25:566-569.
53. 36. Pleasure MA. Correct vertical dimension and freeway space. JADA 1943;43:160-163.
54. 37. Boos RH. Occlusion from rest position. J Prosthet Dent 1952;2:575-588.
55. 38. Thomas EJ Shanahan. Dental physiology for dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1952;2:3-11.
56. 21. Zarb GA, Bergman BO, Clayton JA, Mackay H. Prosthodontic treatment for partially edentulous patients. St Louis Mosby 1978:619.
57. 22. Cardoso AC. Occlusion. For you and me. In: Baratieri LN (ed). Dentistry: Preventive and restorative procedures. São Paulo: Santos 1989: 12-22
58. 23. RamfjordSP, Ash MM. Occlusion (3rd ed). Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co. 1983: 472
59. Rebibo M, Darmouni L, Jouvin J, Orthlieb JD. Vertical dimension of occlusion: the keys to decision. IntJstomatol&occlu med 2009 Sep 1;2(3):147.
60. Gaspard M. Dental Occlusion Disorders and SADAM. In Collection of the Dentist-Dentist. Procodif editor. Sévres, 1985
61. Lee RL. Anterior guidance. In: Lundeen HC, Gibbs CH (eds) Advances in occlusion. J Wright Ed Boston 1982;51–79.
62. Palla S. The Vertical Dimension. Knowledge and uncertainties. In The vertical dimension: myths and limits. Nat Coll Occlusodontol1995; 3-12
63. Ravon P. Morphological relations between the dental organs and the face. Statistic study. Uni Montpellier, Montpellier, 1986.
64. Rivera-Morales WC etMohl ND. Relationship of occlusal vertical dimension to the health of the masticatory system. J Prosthet Dent 1991;65:547–3.
65. 30.Rugh JD et Drago CJ. Vertical dimension: a study of clinical rest position and jaw muscle activity. J Prosth Dent 1981;45:670–5.
66. Dawson PE. The problems of occlusion. Diagnosis evaluation and treatment. JulienPrelat; Paris, 1977
67. Magnusson T. Signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction in complete denture wearers five years after receiving new dentures. Cranio 1985;3:267–72.
68. Orthlieb J-D, Laplanche O and PreckelEB. The occlusal function and its dysfunctions. Clin Real 1996; 7: 131-43
69. Tallents RH, Macher DJ, Kyrkanides S, KatzbergRWet Moss ME. Prevalence of missing posterior teeth and intraarticulartemporomandibular disorders. J Prosthet Dent 2002;87:45–50
70. Niswonger ME. Obtaining the vertical relation in edentulous cases that existed prior to extraction. J Am Dent Asssoc 1938; 25:1842–7.
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Sep 29, 2023
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Shahrukh Irfan, Syed Aziz Uddin, Fatima Riaz, Muhammad Mubeen Arshad, Hareem Abdul Sattar, Syed Akbar Abbas Zaidi, Anum Arshad, Naina Devi, & Shahzad Baloch. (2023). Investigation Of The Relationship Between The Mesio Distal Width Of Upper Anterior Teeth And Inner Canthal Distance By Eye-Rima Oris Distance In The Population Residing In Hyderabad Sindh. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(17), 2153 to 2166. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i17.2926
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Author Biographies
Shahrukh Irfan
Resident Prosthodontic Dentistry Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh
Syed Aziz Uddin
Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Baqai Dental College, Karachi
Fatima Riaz
University Medical & Dental College, Faisalabad
Muhammad Mubeen Arshad
Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Baqai Dental College, Karachi
Hareem Abdul Sattar
Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry Shahid Islam Dental College, Lodhran, Punjab
Syed Akbar Abbas Zaidi
Assistant Professor, Dental Education Department Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi
Anum Arshad
Lecturer, Department of Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Karachi.
Naina Devi
Houseofficer Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi
Shahzad Baloch
Resident Prosthodontic Dentistry Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh
How to Cite
Shahrukh Irfan, Syed Aziz Uddin, Fatima Riaz, Muhammad Mubeen Arshad, Hareem Abdul Sattar, Syed Akbar Abbas Zaidi, Anum Arshad, Naina Devi, & Shahzad Baloch. (2023). Investigation Of The Relationship Between The Mesio Distal Width Of Upper Anterior Teeth And Inner Canthal Distance By Eye-Rima Oris Distance In The Population Residing In Hyderabad Sindh. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(17), 2153 to 2166. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v30i17.2926