ASSOCIATION OF SLEEP DURATION AND QUALITY WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN PAKISTANI ADULTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Sleep Duration, Quality, CHD
Abstract
Introduction
In many years, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) have arisen as a main source of bleakness and mortality around the world, including in Pakistan.
Objectives
The basic aim of the study is to find the association of sleep duration and quality with cardiovascular risk factors in Pakistani adults.
Material and methods
This prospective observational study was conducted in one of the public hospitals of Karachi from June 2022 to December 2022. Data was collected from 180 patients. Informed consent was obtained from each participant after a detailed explanation of the study's objectives and procedures. Data was collected from 180 patients. Data collection involved sleep assessment and cardiovascular risk factor evaluation. Sleep parameters, encompassing duration and quality, were assessed through a combination of subjective and objective measures. Participants completed self-report assessments, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep diaries.
Results
Data was collected from 180 patients both male and female. The average age of participants was 45.7 ±8.2 years, with a nearly equal distribution of males (49.4%) and females (50.6%). Participants reported an average nightly sleep duration of 6.7±1.2 hours. Sleep quality, as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), indicated that 67% of participants had poor sleep quality, with a mean PSQI score of 9.5±3.1. Actigraphy data revealed an average sleep duration of 6.3±1.4 hours, with frequent awakenings observed in 43% of participants.
Conclusion
It is concluded that our study provides evidence of an association between sleep duration and the risk of coronary heart disease in the Pakistani adult population. Short sleep duration appears to be associated with an increased risk of CHD, emphasizing the significance of adequate and quality sleep as a potentially modifiable risk factor.
References
2. Matsubayashi H, Nagai M, Dote K, et al. Long sleep duration and cardiovascular disease: associations with arterial stiffness and blood pressure variability. J Clin Hypertens. 2021;23(3):496–503.
3. Niijima S, Nagai M, Hoshide S, et al. Long sleep duration: a nonconventional indicator of arterial stiffness in Japanese at high risk of cardiovascular disease: the J-HOP study. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2016;10(5):429–37.
4. Zhu G, Cassidy S, Hiden H, et al. Exploration of sleep as a specific risk factor for poor metabolic and mental health: a UK Biobank Study of 84,404 participants. Nat Sci Sleep. 2021;13:1903–12.
5. da Silva AA, de Mello RG, Schaan CW, Fuchs FD, Redline S, Fuchs SC. Sleep duration and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2016;6(2): e008119.
6. Wang C, Bangdiwala SI, Rangarajan S, et al. Association of estimated sleep duration and naps with mortality and cardiovascular events: a study of 116 632 people from 21 countries. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(20):1620–9.
7. Krittanawong C, Tunhasiriwet A, Wang Z, et al. Association between short and long sleep durations and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2019;8(8):762–70.
8. China TW. CotRoCHaDi, Key points of the report on cardiovascular health and diseases in China 2020. Chin J Cardiovas Res. 2021;19(7):582–90.
9. Tao F, Cao Z, Jiang Y, et al. Associations of sleep duration and quality with incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality: a prospective cohort study of 407,500 UK biobank participants. Sleep Med.2021;81:401–9.
10. Matsubayashi, Hideaki, et al. "Long Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Disease: Associations with Arterial Stiffness and Blood Pressure Variability." The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, vol. 23, no. 3, 2021, pp. 496-503, https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14163.
11. Choi, Young, and Jae W. Choi. "Association of Sleep Disturbance with Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-cause Mortality in Patients with New-onset Type 2 Diabetes: Data from the Korean NHIS-HEALS." Cardiovascular Diabetology, vol. 19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-020-01032-5.
12. St-Onge MP, Grandner MA, Brown D, Conroy MB, Jean-Louis G, Coons M, et al. Sleep duration and quality: impact on lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134(18):e367–e386. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000444
13. Yin J, Jin X, Shan Z, Li S, Huang H, Li P, et al. Relationship of sleep duration with All-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(9):005947. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.005947.
14. Rajendran A, Parthsarathy S, Tamilselvan B, Seshadri KG, Shuaib M. Prevalence and correlates of disordered sleep in southeast Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(1):70–76. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2012.36.1.70
15. Lao, Xiang Q., et al. "Sleep Quality, Sleep Duration, and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study With 60,586 Adults." Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine: JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 109-117, https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6894.
16. Farooque R, Herekar F, Iftikhar S, et al. (November 21, 2020) The Frequency of Poor Sleep Quality in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association With Glycemic Control. Cureus 12(11): e11608. doi:10.7759/cureus.11608
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dr. Shaima Sultana Memon
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan,
Dr. Saif Ali Khan
R.M.O, Department of Emergency, The Modern Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan,
Dr. Maria Tunio
R.M.O, Department of Emergency, Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan,
Dr. Shumaila khan
Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan,
Dr. Muneeza Lodhi
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
Dr. Sobia Khan Nabeel
Lecturer, Department of Physiology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan