INVESTIGATING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BLOOD GROUPS, D-DIMER, AND NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN RELATION TO DISEASE SEVERITY AND OUTCOME: RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY ON COVID-19 PATIENTS
Main Article Content
Keywords
COVID-19, D-dimer, NLR, ABO blood group system
Abstract
Introduction: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and tuberculosis are well known fatal disorders. Corona-virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused worldwide pandemic and it affected lungs and caused deaths more than other causes combined in one year. Research has been focused on different aspects of COVID-19 since it emerged. Blood groups and inflammatory markers are being investigated. The thromboembolism marker D-dimer and other coagulation markers are intensively being studied.
Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan to explore the relationship between blood groups and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and D-dimers in relation to disease severity and outcomes.
Results: The blood groups A and B+ve are more affected than other blood groups (58%) and NLR and D-dimer predict disease severity (p<-0.05). D-dimer is associated with blood groups, but NLR is not.
Conclusion: The present study gave good insight into role of blood groups, NLR and D-Dimer values in COVID-19 disease severity and outcomes. We recommend that further studies should be done, and more inflammatory markers must be explored as the present study represents only one area of our country.
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Sohail khan Raja
HOD Pulmonology AIMS Muzaffarabad, Assistant Professor AJKMC, Muzaffarabad
Mohammad Ali Arshad Abbasi
Assistant Professor, Medicine AJKMC, Muzaffarabad
Rubina Rafique Shiekh
Assitant professor Medicine AJKMC, Muzaffarabad
Tashbih E Batool
Demonstrator, Anatomy Department AJKMC
Khawaja Faizan Ejaz
Postgraduate Resident Medicine, Abbas institute Of Medical Sciences Muzaffarabad
Muhammad Ishraf ul Islam
Post Graduate Trainee Medicine, CMH Muzaffarabad, AJK, Pakistan
Amna Akbar
Medical Officer, Poonch Medical College Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
Maham Tariq
House officer, Gujranwala, Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala
Sabahat Tasneem
Public Health (MSPH), Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
Sarosh Khan Jadoon
Resident surgery, CMH/SKBZ, AJK Muzaffarabad, Pakistan