THE GENDER-ORIENTED PERSPECTIVE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS COMPLICATIONS; SGOP STUDY

Abstract

The SGOP study examines gender and ethnic differences in micro- and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It aims to create gender-specific preventative and care methods to improve renal and cardiovascular outcomes. The observational study follows individuals with T2DM over time, ensuring representation of multiple genders and ethnicities. Data is obtained through medical records, interviews, and physical tests, focusing on micro- and macro-vascular problems. In our study the majority patients were male and Urdu speakers, with 30.66% having diabetes for less than 5 years and 37.66% for 5–10 years. Symptoms included polyuria, dyspnea, diarrhea, visual disruption, chest discomfort, unhealed wounds, erectile dysfunction, dyspepsia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and chronic liver disease. The ankle brachial index was normal for 57.33% of patients, with vascular disease detected in 15%. Fundoscopy findings showed normal findings in 50.66% of patients, with mild diabetic retinopathy identified in 37.33%.The study reveals a significant relationship between gender and HbA1c levels, ankle brachial index, and fundoscopy findings. However, in our study gender has no significant link with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) values. The study emphasizes monitoring and managing diabetes-related complications and identifying areas of focus for healthcare providers.It emphasizes the need for genderspecific preventative and care measures, enabling healthcare practitioners to tailor interventions, implement early detection techniques, and optimize patient care for better outcomes.