“AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL FITNESS, ABDOMINAL OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN MIDLE AGED FEMALES”

Main Article Content

Urusia Parveen
Fatima Saeed
Sumbul Khan
Niyati
Sakshi Bhtnagar
Shivangi Sharma

Keywords

Body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, 6 minute walk test, diabetes mellitus

Abstract

ABSTRACT


 Background; Functional fitness is defined as the development of functional training began with rehabilitation. This method is frequently used by chiropractors, physical and occupational therapists, and patients with movement impairments. Body mass index (BMI) 30 kg/m2 is used to determine obesity, which is described as an abnormal or excessive fat buildup that may be harmful to one's health. The six-minute walk distance (or 6MWD) is a widely used indicator of functional exercise capacity in both clinical practice and academic research. Performance assessments, such the six-minute walking test (6MWT), can reveal the restrictions in the cardiovascular and motor systems underlying the obesity-related disability


Methodology; This  study  was  a observational study  in which  within  subject  design  was  used. The  height , weight, BMI, hip waist  circumference  were  recorded  after  this  subjects  were  asked  to perform plank for 30 seconds and, then  subjects were  asked  to  perform  6  min  walk test and  it  was  recorded. The data were analyzed by MS excel 2010 data analysis tool pack, excel analysis tool pack 2019. The dependent variables were summarized by mean , standard deviation , and the independent variables summarized by percentage and age is summarized by mean value.


Conclusion; In conclusion, according to the results of this study, core balance and flexibility are associated with abdominal obesity the most among the women  elderly population. Other muscular strength performances had   limited effects on abdominal obesity. Development of muscle strength in the elderly people should be emphasized and encouraged to maintain their functional abilities.

Abstract 248 | pdf Downloads 102

References

1. Cannone, Jesse (2003-11-04). "Functional training". Retrieved 2007-08-26.
2. Boyle M(2004) functional training for sports.human kinetics,champaignm,IL
3. Sipe C , Ritchie D (2012) the significant 7 principles of functional training for mature adults.IDEA fitness journal
4. Obesity and Overweight. [(accessed on 11 March 2023)]
5. WHO Expert Consultation Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004;363:157–163. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
6. Chait A., den Hartigh L.J. Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2020;7:22. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022.
7. Shuster A., Patlas M., Pinthus J.H., Mourtzakis M. The clinical importance of visceral adiposity: A critical review of methods for visceral adipose tissue analysis. Br. J. Radiol. 2012;85:1. doi: 10.1259/bjr/38447238.
8. Dhawan D., Sharma S. Abdominal Obesity, Adipokines and Non-communicable Diseases. J.SteroidBiochem.Mol.Biol. 2020;203:105737.doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105737.
9. Zhang C., Rexrode K.M., Van Dam R.M., Li T.Y., Hu F.B. Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: Sixteen years of follow-up inUSwomen. Circulation. 2008;117:1658–1667. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739714.
10. Huai P., Liu J., Ye X., Li W.Q. Association of Central Obesity With All Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in US Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2022;9:816144. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.816144.
11. Habibzadeh S.N. The Hazards of Abdominal Obesity. Int. J. Glob. Health. 2020;1:11–13. doi: 10.14302/issn.2693-1176.ijgh-20-3269.
12. Sahakyan K.R., Somers V.K., Rodriguez-Escudero J.P., Hodge D.O., Carter R.E., Sochor O., Coutinho T., Jensen M.D., Roger V.L., Singh P., et al. Normal-Weight Central Obesity: Implications for Total and Cardiovascular Mortality. Ann. Intern. Med. 2015;163:827–835. doi: 10.7326/M14-2525.
13. Wong M.C.S., Huang J., Wang J., Chan P.S.F., Lok V., Chen X., Leung C., Wang H.H.X., Lao X.Q., Zheng Z.-J. Global, regional and time-trend prevalence of central obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13.2 million subjects. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2020;35:673–683.
14. Ahmed AM. History of diabetes mellitus. Saudi Med J 2002. Apr;23(4):373-378
15. Diabetes mellitus history- from ancient to modern times. (accessed on 22nd July, 2011)
16. Patlak M. New weapons to combat an ancient disease: treating diabetes. FASEB J 2002. Dec;16(14):1853 10.1096/fj.02-0974bkt
17. Maitra A, Abbas AK. Endocrine system. In: Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas AK (eds). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease (7th ed) 2005. Philadelphia, Saunders; 1156-1226.
18. Chen L, Magliano DJ, Zimmet PZ. The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus: present and future perspectives. Nature reviews endocrinology. (Accessed 22nd December 2011)
19. Genetic basis of type 1 and type2 diabetes, obesity, and their complications. Advances and emerging opportunities in diabetes research: a Strategic Planning report of the DMICC
20. Azevedo M, Alla S. Diabetes in sub-saharan Africa: kenya, mali, mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa and zambia. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2008. Oct;28(4):101-108 10.4103/0973-3930.45268
21. Minagawa Y, Saito Y. The role of underweight in active life expectancy among older adults inJapan. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 2021 Apr;76(4):756-65.
22. Lambers S, Van Laethem C, Van Acker K, Calders P. Influence of combined exercisetraining on indices of obesity, diabetes andcardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2008 Jun;22(6):483-92.
23. Larsson UE, Reynisdottir S. The six‐minute walktest in outpatients with obesity: reproducibilityand known group validity. PhysiotherapyResearch International. 2008 Jun;13(2):84-93.
24. Hamilton DM, Haennel RG. Validity andreliability of the 6-minute walk test in a cardiacrehabilitation population. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention. 2000 May 1;20(3):156-64.
25. Manawat R. Effect of six-minute walk test inobesity. International Journal of Medical Scienceand Public Health. 2018
26. Sarah. L. Strand, John Hjelm et al. (2014) in their study ‘Norms for an Isometric Muscle Endurance Test’ observed that physical activity and athletic status were significantly related to the Prone Timed Forearm Plank test time.
27. K A Chase, C E Brigham (2019) in their study ‘Fitness Norms for the Plank Exercise’ established the normative fitness measurements of core musculature endurance using Plank Exercises.
28. Effect of six-minute walk test in obesity Ravi Manawat1 , Shweta2 1 Department of Physiology, National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, 2 Department of Physiology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India,2018.
29. Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Plank Holding Time in Rural Children Dr. Sapna Nandlal Tank1 , Dr. Hardini Prajapati2 1Tutor cum Physiotherapist, Govt. Physiotherapy College, Dahod, Gujarat, India 2Senior Lecturer, AIMS College, Lapkaman, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India,2023.
30. Relationship between a Maximum Plank Assessment and Fitness, Health Behaviors, and Moods in Tactical Athletes:2022.

Most read articles by the same author(s)