BLOOD DONATION PATTERN AND TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AT THE BLOOD BANK OF TERTIARY CARE CENTRE: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Main Article Content
Keywords
Blood transfusion, blood donor, Seroprevalence and TTIA (transfusion-transmitted infectious agent)
Abstract
Introduction: Blood donation plays a crucial role in saving lives during emergencies, surgical procedures, and medical treatments. However, rural areas in India often face a shortage of donors, whether voluntary or replacement. Additionally, the emergence of Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious agents (TTIA) poses new challenges to ensuring safe blood transfusions, as these infections can include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), syphilis, and malaria, among others. The objective of this study is to analyze the blood donation patterns among different age groups and the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infectious agents in recent years at the blood bank of Hind Institute of Medical Sciences in Ataria Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Method: For this retrospective study, data were collected from the medical records of blood donors at the blood bank from January 2018 to December 2022. The information was then analyzed to draw meaningful conclusions.
Results: The study included a total of 2445 healthy donors. Notably, a majority of the donated blood (approximately 95.7%) was contributed through replacement donors, while voluntary blood donors (VBD) accounted for only about 4.3% of the donations. However, over the past two years, the overall total donation nearly doubled, and this increase was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.000039). Among the donors, the 20-30 years age group, predominantly comprising males, contributed most to the donated blood (p < 0.008).
Regarding transfusion-transmitted infections, the study revealed that the seroprevalence of HBV (hepatitis B virus) was 1.3%, followed by HCV (hepatitis C virus) at 0.65%, HIV at 0.04%, VDRL (syphilis) at 0.08%, and malaria at 0.08% during the last five years. Interestingly, a considerable number of these infections were detected in the younger population aged 20-30 years.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that the majority of blood donations come from the younger population, aged 20 to 30 years, which can be attributed to changing attitudes towards blood donation in recent years. To ensure safer blood transfusions, strict blood safety measures and precautions are necessary to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections at the blood bank.
References
2. NACO. Assessment of Blood Banks in India—2016. New Delhi: National AIDS Control Organization, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 2016.
3. Prabhakar FP, Khatib Y, Gaajre A, Patel R, Mulla A, Khaire S. Infectious disease screening and trends in blood donors in a hospital-based blood bank in Mumbai, Western India. Int J Contemp Med Res. 2017;4(2):569-72.
4. Mathew AS, Anu J, Rajan RM. Profile of Blood Donors and Deferral Reasons in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research. 2022 Oct 25;34(23):78-84.
5. Unnikrishnan B, Rao P, Kumar N, Ganti S, Prasad R, Amarnath A, Reshmi B, Kaur V, Kesharwani P, Seetha M, Nautiyal A. Profile of blood donors and reasons for deferral in coastal South India. The Australasian medical journal. 2011;4(7):379
6. Pachori S, Pachori P, Tiwari D, Purohit N. Seropositivity of transfusion-transmitted infections in blood donors in the blood bank, tertiary care centre of pediatric institute SPMCH Hospital, Jaipur. Int J Med Sci Educ. 2020;7:28-34.
7. Allain JP. Moving on from voluntary non-remunerated donors: who is the best blood donor?: Review. Br J Haematol. 2011; 154(6):763–9.
8. Gupta R, Singh B, Singh DK, Chugh M. Prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmitted infections in a regional blood transfusion centre. Asian journal of transfusion science. 2011 Jul 1;5(2):177-8.
9. Makroo RN, Hegde v. Chowdhry M. Bhatia A Rosamma NL Seroprevalence of infectious markers & their trends in blood donors in a hospital-based blood bank in north India. Indian J Med Res. 2015 Sep; 142 (3): 317-22
10. Sethi B, Kumar S. Butola K, Mishra J. Kumar Y. Seroprevalence patterns among blood donors in a tertiary health care centre. Internet Journal of Medical Update. 2014: 9 (1): 10–15.
11. Chandra T, Kumar A, Gupta A. Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in blood donors: an Indian experience. Tropical doctor. 2009 Jul;39(3):152-4.
12. Giri PA, Deshpande JD, Phalke DB, Karle LB. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among voluntary blood donors at a tertiary care teaching hospital in a rural area of India. Journal of family medicine and primary care. 2012 Jan;1(1):48.
13. Leena MS, Mohd S. Trend and prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors in rural teaching institute, South India. Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 2012;2(3):203-6.
14. Dobariya GH, Raja KA, Unagar CA, Pandya AN, Patel JN, Jarag MA, Wadhwani SJ. Prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors of blood bank attached to government hospital of South Gujarat, India. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016 Sep;4(9):4123-7.
15. Sundaramurthy R, Arunagiri R. Ganesan V. Perumal S, Tiruvanamalai R. Charles J. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors by chemiluminescent assay in a tertiary care centre. J of Infect Dev Ctries. 2018; 12 (01): 31.
16. Sastry JM. Agawane su, Harke VA. Retrospective study of the five - Year Prevalence and Trends of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors at a charitable hospital blood bank in Pune, India. Int J. Health Biomedical Res. 2014; 2 (3): 193–200.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Dipti Tripathi
Asst. Professor, Dept. Of Pathology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences Ataria Sitapur,
Shambhavi Tripathi
Professor, Dept. Of Pathology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Ataria Sitapur
Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
Asst. Professor, Dept. Of Pathology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Ataria Sitapur.
Contact Number- 77552990846
Rinki Kumari
Scientific Officer under the collaborative program, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, 221001
Sneh Shalini
Technical Officer –B, Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi