Role Of Serum Leptin Levels In Patients With Metabolic Syndrome In A Tertiary Care Hospital In South India
Main Article Content
Keywords
Metabolic syndrome, Insulin resistance, Serum leptin levels, BMI, Blood pressure, HDL, TGL, FBS
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a spectrum of metabolic disorders that can lead to cardiovascular issues, and the risk of morbidity and mortality has significantly increased. The study aims to analyze the serum leptin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome and compare them with a disease-free population.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital for 1.5 years. All 81 patients who fulfilled the NCEP ATP -III criteria for metabolic syndrome were selected, and informed consent was obtained from every subject. The physical examination (BMI/waist-hip ratio) or all the old records are collected. All the patients involved in the study were subjected to detailed clinical history, general and systemic examination and routine blood investigations.
Results: The study included 81 patients, 54.3% males and 45.7% females, with a mean age of 44.915.26 years, BMI of 23-24.9, religious distribution of 7.4% Christians, 84% married, education of 14.8% graduates, 43.2% skilled, 49.4% unskilled, 1.25% vegetarian, 98.8% mixed diet. 15% of participants had hypertension, 7.4% had diabetes, 11.1% had SBP >150 mg/dl, 9.9% had fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dl, and all had 150-200 mg/dl of triglyceride levels. Body mass index, blood pressure, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL, and FBS all positively correlate with serum leptin levels.
Conclusion: Leptin has multiple biological functions that influence autonomic, cardiovascular, and kidney functions and regulate feeding and metabolism. Decreasing leptin through dietary or pharmacological intervention can reduce non-communicable diseases' prevalence.
References
2. Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Deswal A, Dunbar SB, Francis GS, Horwich T, et al. Contributory risk and management of comorbidities of hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome in chronic heart failure: A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation 2016;134:e535–78.
3. Sigit FS, Tahapary DL, Trompet S, Sartono E, Willems van Dijk K, Rosendaal FR, et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with body fat distribution in middle-aged individuals from Indonesia and the Netherlands: a cross-sectional analysis of two population-based studies. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020;12:2.
4. Aron-Wisnewsky J, Vigliotti C, Witjes J, Le P, Holleboom AG, Verheij J, et al. Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;17:279–97.
5. Guilherme A, Virbasius JV, Puri V, Czech MP. Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2008;9:367–77.
6. Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuñiga FA. Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018;17:122.
7. Keane KN, Calton EK, Carlessi R, Hart PH, Newsholme P. The bioenergetics of inflammation: insights into obesity and type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017;71:904–12.
8. Alemany. Metabolic syndrome: A multifaceted disease of affluence. J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 2:155-165.
9. Martínez-Sánchez N. There and back again: Leptin actions in white adipose tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:6039.
10. Friedman J. The long road to leptin. J Clin Invest 12 2016;126:4727–34.
11. Lee JM, Kim SR, Yoo SJ, Hong OK, Son HS, Chang SA. The relationship between adipokines, metabolic parameters and insulin resistance inpatients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. J Int Med Res 2009;37:1803–12.
12. Tsai J-P, Wang J-H, Chen M-L, Yang C-F, Chen Y-C, Hsu B-G. Association of serum leptin levels with central arterial stiffness in coronary artery disease patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016;16:80.
13. Brydon L, O'Donnell K, Wright CE, Wawrzyniak AJ, Wardle J, Steptoe A. Circulating leptin and stress-induced cardiovascular activity in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16:2642–7.
14. Kawashima N, Watanabe S, Morita A, Aiba N, Miyachi M, Sakai T. Changes of fat volume and adipocytokines by the randomized intervention program for obesity control program (SCOP). Diabetes Res Open J. 2015;1:136-46.
15. Singhal A, Farooqi IS, Cole TJ, O’Rahilly S, Fewtrell M, Kattenhorn M, et al. Influence of leptin on arterial distensibility: a novel link between obesity and cardiovascular disease?: A novel link between obesity and cardiovascular disease? Circulation 2002;106:1919–24.
16. Allison MA, Ix JH, Morgan C, McClelland RL, Rifkin D, Shimbo D, et al. Higher leptin is associated with hypertension: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Hum Hypertens 2013;27:617–22.
17. Ayeser T, Basak M, Arslan K, Sayan I. Investigating the correlation of diagnostic criteria to serum adiponectin, leptin, resistin, TNF-alpha, EGFR levels and abdominal adipose tissue. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016;10:S165-9.
18. Vallianou NG, Evangelopoulos AA, Bountziouka V, Vogiatzakis ED, Bonou MS, Barbetseas J, et al. Neck circumference is correlated with triglycerides and inversely related with HDL cholesterol beyond BMI and waist circumference: Neck Circumference and Dyslipidaemia. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2013;29:90–7.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.