Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 intensive care patients
Main Article Content
Keywords
Comorbidity; COVID-19; Intensive care units (ICU); Respiratory; Qassim region; Retrospective Study
Abstract
Background: The novel Corona virus strain COVID-19 created a pandemic condition, leading to extensive deaths and putting immense pressure on the global health systems due to high demand for hospitalization and intensive care units (ICUs) admission.
Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the characteristics of ICU patients with COVID-19 infection to explore the factors associated with morbidity and mortality during hospital admission.
Method: A retrospective observational study was conducted in King Saud Hospital and Al-Bukayriyah General Hospital, Al-Qassim region, KSA from March 2020 until October 2021, among COVID-19-ICU patients. Data regarding patients' demographics, comorbidities, signs, and symptoms were collected, as well as the need for ventilation, duration of ICU stay and death rate. All data were analyzed and the associations between variables were evaluated.
Results: The study included 120 patients (60% were males, 40% female, with a mean age of 64.6± 17.9 years). The most prevalent comorbidities were diabetes (54.2%) and hypertension (40%). The mean length of ICU stay was nine days. A significant association was observed between the mortality rate, the length of stay in ICU, and the need for invasive ventilation (P ≤ 0.05). A significant association was found between pulmonary diseases and the need for ventilation, and between kidney diseases and the length of ICU stay.
Conclusion: Males, elderly, diabetics, and hypertensive patients infected with COVID-19 were at a significant risk of developing severe symptoms, which further deteriorated their condition.Future studies are warranted with larger sample size and longer duration for better evaluation of the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted in ICU.
References
2. Al-Rasheedi M, Alhazmi Y, Almaqwashi N, Alreshidi MA, Kardam A, Sharaf M, Khawaja Husnain Haider. Corticosteroid therapy for 2019-nCoV infected patients: a case series of eight mechanically ventilated patients. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9(5): e04066. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.4066
3. Al Sulaiman, K. A., Aljuhani, O., Eljaaly, K., Alharbi, A. A., Al Shabasy, A. M., Alsaeedi, A. S., ... & Alkatheri, A. (2021). Clinical features and outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter cohort study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 105, 180-187.
4. Alghamdi, S. (2021). Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of severe (ICU) COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: A single centre study. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal.
5. Alsofayan, Y. M., Althunayyan, S. M., Khan, A. A., Hakawi, A. M., & Assiri, A. M. (2020). Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: a national retrospective study. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(7), 920-925.
6. Alwafi, H., Naser, A. Y., Qanash, S., Brinji, A. S., Ghazawi, M. A., Alotaibi, B., ... & Shabrawishi, M. (2021). Predictors of length of hospital stay, mortality, and outcomes among hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 14, 839.
7. Auld, S. C., Caridi-Scheible, M., Blum, J. M., Robichaux, C., Kraft, C., Jacob, J. T., ... & COVID, E. (2020). ICU and ventilator mortality among critically ill adults with COVID-19. MedRxiv.
8. Bhatraju, P. K., Ghassemieh, B. J., Nichols, M., Kim, R., Jerome, K. R., Nalla, A. K., ... & Mikacenic, C. (2020). Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle region—case series. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(21), 2012-2022.
9. Bwire GM.Coronavirus: Why Men are More Vulnerable to Covid-19 Than Women?. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020;2(7):874-876. doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00341-w. Epub 2020 Jun 4.
10. Dres, M., Hajage, D., Lebbah, S., Kimmoun, A., Pham, T., Béduneau, G., ... & Schmidt, M. (2021). Characteristics, management, and prognosis of elderly patients with COVID-19 admitted in the ICU during the first wave: insights from the COVID-ICU study. Annals of Intensive Care, 11(1), 1-11.
11. Haider KhH, Hyder Q (2020) Combating 2019-nCoV Amidst the Pandemic Scare. Open J Regen Med. 2020; 9:15-19. https://www.scirp.org/journal/ojrm
12. Hyder Q, Haider KhH. The ongoing battle against COVID-19. Iberoam J Med 2020; 2(4):360-366. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3987277
13. Mabrouk, A. R., Alhazmi, Y., Ali, A. M., ALrajhi, M., Alharbi, N. S., Alsuhaibani, S., ... & Alharbi, G. (2021). Public and healthcare providers awareness of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(1), 90-98.
14. Macera, M., De Angelis, G., Sagnelli, C., Coppola, N., & COVID, V. (2020). Clinical presentation of COVID-19: case series and review of the literature. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(14), 5062.
15. Pijls, B. G., Jolani, S., Atherley, A., Derckx, R. T., Dijkstra, J. I., Franssen, G. H., ... & Zeegers, M. P. (2021). Demographic risk factors for COVID-19 infection, severity, ICU admission and death: a meta-analysis of 59 studies. BMJ open, 11(1), e044640.
16. Rees, E. M., Nightingale, E. S., Jafari, Y., Waterlow, N. R., Clifford, S., Pearson, C. A., ... & CMMID Working Group. (2020). COVID-19 length of hospital stay: a systematic review and data synthesis. BMC medicine, 18(1), 1-22.
17. Saudi Ministry of Health (To follow the updates through the COVID-19 Dashboard) https://covid19.moh.gov.sa/
18. WHO Corona dashboard, https://covid19.who.int/
19. Xie, J., Tong, Z., Guan, X., Du, B., Qiu, H., & Slutsky, A. S. (2020). Critical care crisis and some recommendations during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Intensive care medicine, 46(5), 837-840.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.