The Potential of Pharmacometabonomics and Pharmacogenomics Approach to Determine Clozapine Response among Schizophrenia Patients
Main Article Content
Keywords
Schizophrenia, Clozapine, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacometabonomics, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Abstract
Schizophrenia and related disorders are severe mental illnesses characterized by profound disruptions in emotional processes, speech, behaviour, thinking, and sense of self. It, moreover, has specific antisuicidal and anti-aggressive properties. Clozapine is the most efficacious antipsychotic drug in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, mainly when other antipsychotic medications do not work. It improves negative symptoms (e.g., poverty of speech and withdrawal) and positive symptoms (e.g., hallucinations and delusions). However, it is unclear the most effective dose/response of clozapine with the most negligible side effects. Pharmacogenomics has been recommended to predict clozapine response. However, this might be insufficient to predict the response. Pharmacometabonomics analysis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy can help to identify novel biomarkers of clozapine. Many factors could influence the metabolism of clozapine, changing clozapine response, drug dosage standard, and clinical characteristics such as drug-drug interactions, dietary interactions, and age explanation for the critical part of the variability in clozapine dosing/response. Integrating pharmacogenetics and pharmacometabonomics has the advantage of getting more extensive and comprehensive information on variations in drug response.
References
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22. George G. Harrigan, Maguire, G., & Boros, L. (2008). Metabolomics in Alcohol Research and Drug Development. Alcohol Research & Health, Vol. 31 (No. 1).
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May 17, 2023
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Abdulkader Ahmad Bawadikji, Mohsen Huraybi M Alshammari, Badr Jarallah Alenezi, Jamal Mohammed Alshammari, Obaid J Alanzi, Bader Awadh A Almutairi, Bader Ayed Alqarni, Majed Eqab Alshammary, & Baharudin Ibrahim. (2023). The Potential of Pharmacometabonomics and Pharmacogenomics Approach to Determine Clozapine Response among Schizophrenia Patients. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(11), 442-451. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.11.046
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How to Cite
Abdulkader Ahmad Bawadikji, Mohsen Huraybi M Alshammari, Badr Jarallah Alenezi, Jamal Mohammed Alshammari, Obaid J Alanzi, Bader Awadh A Almutairi, Bader Ayed Alqarni, Majed Eqab Alshammary, & Baharudin Ibrahim. (2023). The Potential of Pharmacometabonomics and Pharmacogenomics Approach to Determine Clozapine Response among Schizophrenia Patients. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(11), 442-451. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.11.046