Effect of Vitamin A and Zinc Supplementation on the Hematological Values of School children
Main Article Content
Keywords
anemia; supplementation; vitamin A; zinc; hemoglobin
Abstract
Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, childhood and gender-related anemia is a global issue that is dealt with via adequate prevention, treatment, and screening. It is estimated that anemia affects about 50% of the children under the age of 5 and 25% of children aged 6–12 years worldwide.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on the hematological values of schoolchildren.
Methods: This was an experimental prospective study, which was carried out in an educational center in Zulia State, Venezuela. The population included 202 schoolchildren, 80 of which were selected from the municipality of Maracaibo, Zulia State. The population was divided into three subgroups: Group 1 consisted of 29 children receiving vitamin A + zinc, Group 2 consisted of 25 children receiving vitamin A, and Group 3 consisted of 26 children receiving zinc. A bioclinical, biochemical, and nutritional evaluation were performed pre- and post- supplementation. An ANOVA test was applied to the mean values before and after supplementation. Percentage values were compared with Fisher’s test.
Results: There was a high frequency of eutrophic male children (55%). Group 2 (n = 25 children), supplemented only with vitamin A, had better results regarding low hemoglobin levels (12.54 ± 0.64), followed by the group supplemented with only zinc (12.12 ± 1.05).
Conclusion: The study demonstrates the benefits of vitamin A and zinc supplementation in reducing the signs of anemia in the children studied.
References
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2. Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Al-Zabedi, E. M., Al-Maktari, M. T., et al. 2014. Effects of vitamin A a supplementation on iron status indices and iron deficiency anaemia: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 6(1), 190–206. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu6010190. https://www. http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916855/. Consulted on July 20, 2021.
3. Armitage, P., Berry, G. 1993. Estadística para la investigación biomédica [Statistical methods in medical research]. Edit. https://farmacomedia.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/estadistica-para-investigacion-biomedica-tercera-edicion-armitage-berry.pdf. Consulted on July 20, 2021. Doyma (pp. 380–419).
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6. Castejon, H.V., Ortega, P., Amaya, D., et al. 2004. Co-existence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and growth retardation among
children 24–84 months old in Maracaibo, Venezuela. Nutritional Neuroscience, 7(2), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/10284150410001704534. http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15279497/Consulted Retrieved on July 20, 2021
7. Chhagan, M.K., Van den Broeck, J., Luabeya, K.K., et al. 2010. Effect on longitudinal growth and anemia of zinc or multiple micronutrients added to vitamin A: A randomized controlled trial in children aged 6–24 months. BMC Public Health, 10, 145. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-145. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20298571/. Consulted on July 20, 2021.
8. Chen, K., Xie, H. M., Tian, W., et al. 2016. Effect of single-dose albendazole and vitamin A supplementation on the iron status of pre-school children in Sichuan, China. British Journal of Nutrition, 115(8), 1415–1423. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516000350. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26902307/. Consulted on July 20, 2021.
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10. Duncan, J.R., Hurley, L.S. 1978. An interaction between zinc and vitamin A in pregnant and fetal rats. Journal of Nutrition, 108(9), 1431–1438. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/108.9.1431. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/682047/. Consulted on July 20, 2021.
11. Dreyfuss, M.L., Stoltzfus, R.J., Shrestha, J.B., et al. 2000. Hookworms, Malaria and Vitamin A Deficiency Contribute to Anemia and Iron Deficiency among Pregnant Women in the Plains of Nepal. J. Nutr., 130, 252736. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.10.2527. http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11015485/. Consulted on: July 20, 2021.
12. Siyame, E. W. P., Hurst, R., Wawer, A. A., et al. 2013. A high prevalence of zinc- but not iron-deficiency among women in rural Malawi: A cross-sectional study. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International de Vitaminologie et de Nutrition, 83(3), 176–187. https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/publications/a-high-prevalence-of-zinc-but-not-iron-deficiency-among-women-in-. Consulted on July 20, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000158.
13. Fundacredesa.: Tabla de referencia. En niños según combinación de indicadores Peso//Talla, talla//Edad, Peso//Edad. Estudio Nacional de Crecimiento y Desarrollo Humano de la República de Venezuela. Proyecto Venezuela. Ministerio de la Secretaria. [Reference table in children according to combination of indicators Weight/Height, Height/Age, Weight/Age. National Study of Growth and Human Development of the Republic of Venezuela. Venezuela Project. Ministry of the Secretariat]. 19932:1226– 1273. http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0798-07522007000200002. Consulted on July 20, 2021.
14. Fao, O., WFP, & United Nations Children’s Fund. (2019). Panorama de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en América Latina y el caribe [Food and nutritional safety in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2019], 2019, 135137. http://www.fao.org/3/ca6979es/ca6979es.pdf. Consulted on: July 20, 2021.
15. Gracia, B., De Plata, C., Rueda, A., et al. 2005. Effect of zinc supplementation on growth velocity of preschool children. Colombia Médica, 36(4), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.25100/cm.v36i4%20Supl%203.397. http://univalle.edu.co/index.php/comedica/article/view/397. Consulted on July 20, 2021.
16. Grandy, G., Weisstaub, G., López De Romaña, D. 2010. Ion and zinc deficiency in children. Rev. Boll. Pediatr., 49(1), 25–31. http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S102406752010000100005&lng=es. Consulted on: July 20, 2021.
17. Gibson, R.S., Abebe, Y., Stabler, S., et al. 2008. Zinc, gravida, infection, and iron, but not vitamin B-12 or folate status, predict hemoglobin during pregnancy in Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Nutrition, 138(3), 581–586. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.3.581. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18287370/. Consulted on July 20, 2021Garnica AD.: Trace metals and hemoglobin metabolism, 1981, 11:220–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7018368/
18. Jaffe, W., Entrena, A. 1993. Vitamin A status in Venezuela. Anales Venezolanos de Nutrición, 6, 19–24.
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-149727. Consulted on: July 20, 2021.
19. Jiménez, E., Bacardí, M., Jiménez, A. 2005. Efficacy of zinc on lineal growth on Latin American children younger than 5 y; systematic review. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 28(5), 1574–1579. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2013.28.5.6771. https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0212-16112013000500031. Consulted on July 20, 2021.
20. Labbaye, C., Valtieri, M., Barberi, T., et al. 1995. Differential expression and functional role of GATA-2, NF-E2, and GATA-1 in normal adult hematopoiesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 95(5), 2346–2358. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI117927. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738198/. Consulted on July 20, 2021.
21. Landaeta-Jiménez, M., Sifontes, Y., Herrera-Cuenca, M. 2018. Venezuela between food insecurity and malnutrition. Anales Venezolanos de Nutrición, 31(2), 6677. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/YaritzaSifontes/publication/337472734_Venezuela_entre_la_inseguridad_alimentaria_y_la_malnutricion/links/5dd99893a6fdccdb445fff3d/Venezuela-entre-la-inseguridad-alimentaria-y-la-malnutricion.pdf. Consulted on: July 20, 2021.
22. Landaeta-Jiménez, M., Nieves-García, M., Bosch, V. 2003. Principales deficiencias de micronutrientes en Venezuela [Main micronutrient deficiencies in Venezuela. Revista Española de Nutricion Comunitaria, 9, 117–127. Consulted on: July 20, 2021.
23. Lopez, M., Landaeta, M. 1991. Manual de crecimiento y desarrollo. Sociedad Venezolana de puericultura y pediatría. Evaluación Nutricional antropométrica. [Growth and Development Handbook. Venezuelan Society of Puericulture and Pediatrics. Anthropometric Nutritional Assessment] Fundacredesa (1st ed). http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0798-07522007000200002. Consulted on July 20, 2021. Serono (pp. 20–36).
24. Mazariegos, M., Martínez, C., Mazariegos, D.I., et al. 2016. FHI 360/FANTA. Análisis de la situación y tendencias de los micronutrientes clave en Guatemala, con un llamado a la acción desde las políticas públicas. [Analysis of the situation and trends of key micronutrients in Guatemala, with a call for action from public policies]. https://www.fantaproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/Guatemala-Micronutrient-Analysis-Sep2016.pdf. Consulted on July 20, 2021. Washington, DC. 25. Mora, J.O., Gueri, M., Mora, O.L. 1998. Vitamin A deficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean: An overview. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica = Pan American Journal of Public Health, 4(3), 178–186. https://www.scielosp.org/article/rpsp/1998.v4n3/178-186/#ModalArticles. Consulted on: July 20, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49891998000900005
26. Mwanri, L., Worsley, A., Ryan, P., et al. 2000. Supplemental vitamin A improves anaemia and growth in anaemic school children in Tanzania. Journal of Nutrition, 130, 2691–2696. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.11.2691. http://oup.com/jn/article/130/11/2691/4686122. Consulted on July 20, 2021.
27. Osório, M.M. 2002. Determinant factors of anemia in children. Jornal de Pediatria, 78(4), 269–278. http://doi.org/10.2223/JPED.860. http://jped.com.br/ArtigoDetalhe.aspx?varArtigo=860&idioma=pt-BR. Consulted on: July 20, 2021.
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May 13, 2023
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Sierra-Carrero Leandro, Carrero González Carmen Maria, Lastre-Amell Gloria, Aldana Rivera Edna Elizabeth, Julio Calao Digna Mercedes, Fontalvo Torres Keyly Paola, Piedad de la Cruz-Barros, Sierra Carrero Rebeca de los Angeles, Carlos Oswaldo Román Grana, Adrián David Gerónimo Santiago, & Gianella Lucia Gamboa Martínez. (2023). Effect of Vitamin A and Zinc Supplementation on the Hematological Values of School children. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(11), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.11.002
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How to Cite
Sierra-Carrero Leandro, Carrero González Carmen Maria, Lastre-Amell Gloria, Aldana Rivera Edna Elizabeth, Julio Calao Digna Mercedes, Fontalvo Torres Keyly Paola, Piedad de la Cruz-Barros, Sierra Carrero Rebeca de los Angeles, Carlos Oswaldo Román Grana, Adrián David Gerónimo Santiago, & Gianella Lucia Gamboa Martínez. (2023). Effect of Vitamin A and Zinc Supplementation on the Hematological Values of School children. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(11), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.11.002