The Effect of An Educational Program on Intensive Care Units Nurses' Knowledge Regarding Prevention Of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
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Keywords
Ventilator Associated pneumonia prevention, Educational Program, Critical care nurses, level of knowledge, Evidence-based guideline
Abstract
Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is one of the most common Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI). Worldwide, VAP ranges from 6 to 52% and might be as much as 76% of all intubated patients in some developing countries. VAP accounts for 15% to 45% of the mortality rate in critical care settings. Despite advances in medical science, VAP continues to be one of the biggest threats in ICUs, being responsible for most infections in critically ill patients, and leading to prolonged ventilator dependency and prolonged stays in ICUs.
Aim: This study evaluated the effectiveness of implementing an educational program on the knowledge of ICU nurses from different healthcare sectors regarding VAP prevention guidelines.
Methods: One group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 156 critical care registered nurses from 12 hospitals attended an educational program of four hours. Eight sessions were conducted in total. Nurses were asked to complete an adapted 19-itemtem questionnaire based on strategies and guidelines adopted by CDC for VAP prevention, which was used to evaluate nurses' actual knowledge of VAP prevention guidelines.
Results: ICU nurses mostly demonstrated a knowledge deficit regarding VAP prevention guidelines (pretest M = 8.79). The educational program was effective in increasing nurses' level of knowledge (posttest M = 14.9). Results have shown a statistically significant mean difference between pretest and posttest (p < .05). Nurses' actual level of knowledge was positively correlated with type of health sector, participants' ages, and attendance of previous educational sessions regarding VAP prevention.
Conclusion: The study evaluated the effectiveness of an educational program on critical care nurses' knowledge regarding VAP prevention. The introduced program was efficient and positively influenced nurses' knowledge wherever results demonstrated a knowledge deficit toward VAP prevention guidelines by the nurses who participated in this study. The importance of conducting frequent educational programs is essential to supporting nurses' knowledge. Implementation and dissemination of VAP prevention evidence-based guidelines on caring for intubated patients in critical care units is a prerequisite to improving nurses' level of knowledge and improving quality of nursing care.
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