Evaluation of the antioxidant efficacy of Terpenes isolated from the Zingiber officinale Roscoe in treating experimentally alloxan-induced diabetes in Male Albino Rats
Main Article Content
Keywords
Zingiber officinale, Terpene , Alloxan, Diabetes mellitus, Antioxidants,MCP-1
Abstract
Current study was directed in AL- ameen center for research and advanced biotechnologies and the Faculty of science / branch of Natural science / animal dynasty, and 49 male albino rats be appropriate to the Sprague Dawley rinsing were charity. They assessed 200-245 g, and were distributed into seven clusters, 7 males in every cluster. The main encompassed regulator cluster that was verbally medicated with aqua of physiological salt 0.9% sodium chloride . The another cluster was vaccinated dermally with alloxan 100 mg/kg. The next and final clusters were orally administrated with terpene extract at the two concentrations (150,300) mg/kg respectively. The fifth and sixth clusters were vaccinated with alloxan 100 mg/kg, and then was orally dosed with terpene extract 150 and 300 mg/kg respectively. The last cluster was vocally acquiesced to the amyral solution 0.1 mg/kg after being injected with alloxan 100 mg/kg. It is worth mentioning that the dosage process continued for 30 days, just the once per day. The results of the statistical analysis chronicled a significant elevation (P < 0.05) in levels of blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA) and MCP-1 in the cluster vaccinating with alloxan hypodermically and also the cluster of alloxan +amyral when related with the regulator cluster and the additional investigational clusters, otherwise the planes of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) exposed a significant decrease (P˂ 0.05) in the two clusters mentioned . As for the clusters that were orally managed with terpene extract at the two concentrations 150 and 300 mg/kg revealed a notable reduction (P < 0.05) in the equal of blood glucose ,MDA and MCP-1 when equated with the regulator cluster then other study clusters .On the other hand, the levels of SOD and CAT and GPX1 exposed an observable increment (P˂ 0.05) in the cluster that treated with terpene quotation in the concentration 300 mg/kg in equated to the regulator cluster and other clusters of study.
References
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3. Najjar, Z. S. R.; Jwad, S. M.; & Alkhafaji, R. S. (2020). Assessment of 1.25 (OH) 2D3 levels and nephropathy stages in adult male patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. J. Crit. Rev, 7(13), 1667-1674.
4. Najjar, Z. S. R.; Jwad, S. M.; & Alkhafaji, R. S. (2020). Evaluation of VDR gene polymorphisms with nephropathy stages in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Cardiovasc Disease Res, 11(4), 275-279.
5. Ullah .A ; Khan, A. & Khan, I .( 2016).Diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress a- concise review. 24(5):547-553.
6. Kumar, K.; Fateh, V.; Verma, B.;& Pandey S. ( 2014). Some herbal drugs used for treatment of diabetes : review article .International.
7. Gupta ,R.; Bajpai ,K.G.; Johri, S.;& Saxenaa, M. (2008). An overview of indian novel traditional medicinal plants with antidiabetic potentials .Complementary and Alternative. Medicines; (5):1–17.
8. Chan , W.K.; Tan, L.T.; Chan, K.G.; Lee, L.H.;& Goh, B.H. (2016) Nerolidol: a sesquiterpene alcohol with multi-faceted pharmacological and biological activities. Molecules, 21, 529.
9. Qureshi , £ .; Shah, A. H. and Ageel, A. M. (1992) Toxicity studies on Alpinia galanga and Curcuma longa. Planta Med. 58.
10. Jiang , Z.; Kempinski, C. and Chappell, J. (2017). Extraction and analysis of terpene / terpenoids . Curr Protoc Plant Biol. ; 1: 345–358.
11. Rodrigues ,V. F.; Carmo, H. M.; Oliveira, R. R. ; Filho, R. B.; Mathias, L. ;& Vieira, I. C.( 2009). Isolation of terpenoids from Trichilia quadrijuga (Meliaceae) by droplet counter-current chromatography .
12. Ingole , P. G.; Pawar, R. R.; Baig, M. I.; Jeon, J. D., and Lee, H. K. (2017). Thin film nanocomposite (TFN) hollow fiber membranes incorporated with functionalized acid-activated bentonite (ABn-NH) clay: towards enhancement of water vapor permeance and selectivity. J. Material. Chem. A., 5(39), 20947-20958.
13. El-Bassossy, H. M. ; Ghaleb , H.; Elberry, A. A. ; Balamash , K. S. ; Ghareib, S. A. ; Azhare , A.;& Banjar, Z. (2017) . Geraniol alleviates diabetic cardiac complications: Effect on cardiac ischemia and oxidative stress. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 88 :1025–1030 .
14. Rashid ,K.; Das,J.;& Sil,P.C.(2013). Taurine ameliorate alloxan induced oxidative stress and intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the hepatic tissue of diabetic rats .food. Chem.Toxicol.51:317-329.
15. Ankur , R. and Shahjad ,A.(2012). Alloxan induced diabetes: mechanisms and effects. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Gopi Chand Cluster of Institutions, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh, India. Vol. 3 (2) Apr – Jun2012 . International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences.
16. Al-Mayali, Z.K.A. (2015). Studying effect of aqueous extract of Citrus limon and Cyperus rotandus in alloxan induced in diabetes male albino rats. Thesis of M.Sc. Kufa University.
17. Tietz, N.W. (1999). Textbook of clinical chemistry. 3nd ed. C.A. Burtis, E.R. Ashwood, W.B. Saunders, Pp: 282-884 and Pp: 1429-1431.
18. Liu, L.; Liu, Y.; Cui, J,; Liu, H.; Liu, .B.; Qiao, W.L.; Sun, H. & Yan, C.D. (2013). Oxidative stress induces gastric submucosal arteriolar dysfunction in the elderly. World J. Gastroenterol., 19: 9439-9446.
19. Armstrong, D. & Browne, R. (1994). The analysis of free radicals, lipid, peroxides, antioxidant enzymes and compounds to oxidative stress as applied to the clinical chemistry laboratory. Free Radicals .Diagnostic. Med., 366 :43-58.
20. Waheed ,H.J.; Khalil,M.; & Fawzi, S. (2015). Evaluation of monocyte chemoattractant protein – 1 (MCP-1) in the type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int.J.Sci.Eng . Res, 6 (5): 791-797.
21. Morgan , G.A. ; Leech , N.A. ; Gleaner , G.W. & Barrett, K.C. (2010). SPSS for introductory statistic : use and interpretation . 2nd ed . Lawrenz . Erlbum. Associatiates , publishers Mahwah , New Jersey London.
22. Ghafil R A, Alrazaq N A, Mahmood N A. Synthesis of Triazole Derivatives via Multi Components Reaction and Studying of (Organic Characterization, Chromatographic Behavior, Chem-Physical Properties). Egyptian Journal of Chemistry. 2020 ;63(11): 4163-74., DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2020.23541.2399
23. Min , A .Y.; Yoo , J-M ; Sok, D-E & Kim, M. R. (2020). Mulberry fruit prevents diabetes and diabetic dementia by regulation of blood glucose through up regulation of antioxidative activities and CREB/BDNF pathway in alloxan- induced diabetic mice., Article ID 1298691.
24. AL-Dbagh, M.B.R.; Jwad,S.M.(2020). Shrimp extract (Astaxanthin) ameliorates the lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters in experimentally induced diabetes rats. Journal of critical reviews.,7(13):1675-1688.
25. AL-Dbagh,M.B.R. and Jwad,S.M.(2020). Evaluation of efficiency of shrimp extract (Astaxanthin) histologically and immunologically in the treatment of induced diabetes mellitus with alloxan in albino male rats. Research Article.,12(3):268.
26. Rasoul, W. M. R., Mahmood S J. (2022). Evaluation of the efficacy of Brassica oleracea L. alcoholic extract on the levels of D3 and antioxidants in albino male rats dosed with Paracetamol. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 43(6), 72-77.
27. Drikvandi ,P ; Bahramikia,S ; & Alirezaei,M. (2020). Modulation of the antioxidant defense system in liver, kidney, and pancreas tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats by camphor.
28. Mwafy , N. S. & Yassin, M. M. (2011). Anti diabetic activity evaluation of glimepiride and Nerium oleander extract on insulin, glucose levels and some liver enzymes activities in experimental diabetic rat model. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences., 14: 984-990.
29. Ajiboye , B. O. ; Shonibare, M. T. ; & Oyinloye, B. E.(2020) Antidiabetic activity of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) juice in alloxan-induceddiabetic rats. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.
30. Omoboyowa , D. A.; Igara, E. C.; OtuChristian, G. & Olugu, K. D. (2016). Anti-diabetic activity of methanolic extract of seed cotyledon of Chrysophyllum albidum in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Vol. 28 ; pp 88–95.
31. Abd Al-Razaq A S, Mahmood S J. (2023). Evaluation of some Immunological Parameters in with Men Diabetic Nephropathy . Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology,, Volume 44, Issue 5, Page 42-54 .M DOI: 10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i53441
32. Kayama , Y. ; Raaz, U.; Jagger, A.; Adam, Matti ; Schellinger, I. N.; Sakamoto, M.; Suzuki, H.; Toyama, K.; Spin, J. M. &Tsao, P. S.( 2015). Diabetic cardiovascular disease induced by oxidative stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 16, 25234-25263.
33. Belayneh ,Y.M; Birhanu, Z.; Birru, E.M.; &Getenet, G.(2019). Evaluation of in vivo antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic and in vitro antioxidant activities of hydromethanolic root extract of Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae). J Exp Pharmacol.,11:29–38.
34. Bastaki , S. M. A. ; Amir, N. ; Adeghate, E. ; and Ojha, S. (2021). Nerolidol, a sesquiterpene, attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in acetic acid‑induced colitis in rats .
35. Chen , L; Lu, X; El-Seedi, H;and Teng, H.(2019). Recent advances in the development of sesquiterpenoids in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Trends in Food Science & Technology, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.003.
36. AL- Fatlawi, H. Y.; & Jwad, S. M. (2022). Assessing the level of a trial natriuretic peptide and some biochemical parameters in men with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology,43(9):1 -13.
37. Wu , L. ; Li , X. ; Chang , D.; Zhang, H. ; Li , J. ; Wu, S ; Zhang, L.; Chen, M. & Zhao,M. (2020) . Associations of urinary epidermal growth factor and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 with kidney involvement in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant .35: 291–297.
38. AL-Fatlawi,H.Y. & Jwad, S. M. (2022). Evaluation of physiological and immunological parameters in men with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. NeuroQuantology, 20(5), 646-657.
39. Ceriello , A. (2012). The emerging challenge in diabetes: The “metabolic memory”. Vasc. Pharmacol. 57, 133–138.
40. Araruna ,M. E.; Serafim, C.; Júnior, E. A.; Hiruma-Lima, C.; Diniz, M. &Batista, L. (2020). Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of terpenes
in experimental models (2010–2020): a review. Molecules, 25, 5430.
41. Porter , J.A. & Monu, E.A. (2019). Evaluating the antimicrobial e_cacy of white mustard essential oil alone and in combination with thymol and carvacrol against Salmonella. Int. Immunopharmacol., 82, 2038–2043.
42. Somensi , N.; Rabelo, T.K.; Guimarães, A.G.; Quintans-Junior, L.J.; Araújo, A.A.S.; Moreira, J.C.F.; & Gelain, D.P. (2019).Carvacrol suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory activation in RAW264.7 macrophages through ERK1/2 and NF-Kb pathway. Int. Immunopharmacol., 75: 1–7.
43. Hadi , N.; Al- amran, F; Hussein, M.A.A. & Rezeg, F.A. (2012). Evaluation of the effects of glimepiride (Amaryl) and repaglinide (novoNorm) on atherosclerosis progression in high cholesterol- fed male rabbite. Journal of cardiovascular disease research, 3(1):5-11.
44. Mann , S; Singh, P.K.;& Gubta, A.A.A. (2013). Antidiabetic effects of Ricinus communis on the blood biochemical parameters in streptozotocin induced rat .International Journal of Pharmaands.;4(2):382-8.
45. Elghazaly,N.A.; Zaatout,H.H.; Radwan,E.H.; Elghazaly,M.M.; & Elsheikha,E.A.(2019). Trigonella foenum Graecum extract benefits on hematological, biochemical and male reproductive system as a complementary therapy with glimepiride in treating streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of Bioinformatics and Diabetes , 1(3):45.
46. Luma Abd Almunim Baker, Shaymaa Zuhir Jalal Aldin. (2022). Association of some biochemical parameters and blood pressure among males with hypertension in the camps of Nineveh province-Iraq. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2022.979
47. Azarkish , F.;Hashemi,K.;Talebi,A.;Kamalinejad, M.; Soltani, N. & Pouladian ,N.(2017). Effect of the administration of Solanum nigrum fruit on prevention of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin – induced diabetic rats . Pharmacogn . Res ., 9: 325-332.
48. Hamdani A, Khawar R, Rubab H. Aggressive Behaviorand Coping Strategies among Cardiac Patients with Type A and Type B Behavior Pattern. Pak Heart J.2022;55(03):242-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47144/phj.v55i3.2242
49. Ashraf T, IshaqM. Coronary Artery Disease and Depression: A Missing Pillar in Management.Pak Heart J. 2022;55(03):205-206.https://doi.org/10.47144/phj.v55i3.2377
50. Ashiq S, Ashiq K, SabarMF. The Complex Relationship of Paraoxonase Gene Polymorphisms with Coronary Artery Disease and Lipid Metabolism. Pak Heart J. 2022;55(03):307-308.https://doi.org/10.47144/phj.v55i3.2263
51. Alaq Saeed Abdulhussain. (2022). The efficacy and safety of vitamin C administration to women with history of premature preterm rupture of membrane in prevention of such event in current pregnancy: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 188–194. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2022.985
52. Hanif , A. ; Tanwir, S.; Ahmad, J., N. ; Hameed, M. ; Mustafa , G . (2023). Nepeta paulsenii Briq. inhibits hepatic toxicity in albino rats: phytochemical analysis and chemical profiling. Journal of King Saud University – Science.
2. AL- Fatlawi, H. Y.; & Jwad, S. M. (2022). Assessing the level of a trial natriuretic peptide and some biochemical parameters in men with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology,43(9):1 -13.
3. Najjar, Z. S. R.; Jwad, S. M.; & Alkhafaji, R. S. (2020). Assessment of 1.25 (OH) 2D3 levels and nephropathy stages in adult male patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. J. Crit. Rev, 7(13), 1667-1674.
4. Najjar, Z. S. R.; Jwad, S. M.; & Alkhafaji, R. S. (2020). Evaluation of VDR gene polymorphisms with nephropathy stages in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Cardiovasc Disease Res, 11(4), 275-279.
5. Ullah .A ; Khan, A. & Khan, I .( 2016).Diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress a- concise review. 24(5):547-553.
6. Kumar, K.; Fateh, V.; Verma, B.;& Pandey S. ( 2014). Some herbal drugs used for treatment of diabetes : review article .International.
7. Gupta ,R.; Bajpai ,K.G.; Johri, S.;& Saxenaa, M. (2008). An overview of indian novel traditional medicinal plants with antidiabetic potentials .Complementary and Alternative. Medicines; (5):1–17.
8. Chan , W.K.; Tan, L.T.; Chan, K.G.; Lee, L.H.;& Goh, B.H. (2016) Nerolidol: a sesquiterpene alcohol with multi-faceted pharmacological and biological activities. Molecules, 21, 529.
9. Qureshi , £ .; Shah, A. H. and Ageel, A. M. (1992) Toxicity studies on Alpinia galanga and Curcuma longa. Planta Med. 58.
10. Jiang , Z.; Kempinski, C. and Chappell, J. (2017). Extraction and analysis of terpene / terpenoids . Curr Protoc Plant Biol. ; 1: 345–358.
11. Rodrigues ,V. F.; Carmo, H. M.; Oliveira, R. R. ; Filho, R. B.; Mathias, L. ;& Vieira, I. C.( 2009). Isolation of terpenoids from Trichilia quadrijuga (Meliaceae) by droplet counter-current chromatography .
12. Ingole , P. G.; Pawar, R. R.; Baig, M. I.; Jeon, J. D., and Lee, H. K. (2017). Thin film nanocomposite (TFN) hollow fiber membranes incorporated with functionalized acid-activated bentonite (ABn-NH) clay: towards enhancement of water vapor permeance and selectivity. J. Material. Chem. A., 5(39), 20947-20958.
13. El-Bassossy, H. M. ; Ghaleb , H.; Elberry, A. A. ; Balamash , K. S. ; Ghareib, S. A. ; Azhare , A.;& Banjar, Z. (2017) . Geraniol alleviates diabetic cardiac complications: Effect on cardiac ischemia and oxidative stress. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 88 :1025–1030 .
14. Rashid ,K.; Das,J.;& Sil,P.C.(2013). Taurine ameliorate alloxan induced oxidative stress and intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the hepatic tissue of diabetic rats .food. Chem.Toxicol.51:317-329.
15. Ankur , R. and Shahjad ,A.(2012). Alloxan induced diabetes: mechanisms and effects. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Gopi Chand Cluster of Institutions, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh, India. Vol. 3 (2) Apr – Jun2012 . International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences.
16. Al-Mayali, Z.K.A. (2015). Studying effect of aqueous extract of Citrus limon and Cyperus rotandus in alloxan induced in diabetes male albino rats. Thesis of M.Sc. Kufa University.
17. Tietz, N.W. (1999). Textbook of clinical chemistry. 3nd ed. C.A. Burtis, E.R. Ashwood, W.B. Saunders, Pp: 282-884 and Pp: 1429-1431.
18. Liu, L.; Liu, Y.; Cui, J,; Liu, H.; Liu, .B.; Qiao, W.L.; Sun, H. & Yan, C.D. (2013). Oxidative stress induces gastric submucosal arteriolar dysfunction in the elderly. World J. Gastroenterol., 19: 9439-9446.
19. Armstrong, D. & Browne, R. (1994). The analysis of free radicals, lipid, peroxides, antioxidant enzymes and compounds to oxidative stress as applied to the clinical chemistry laboratory. Free Radicals .Diagnostic. Med., 366 :43-58.
20. Waheed ,H.J.; Khalil,M.; & Fawzi, S. (2015). Evaluation of monocyte chemoattractant protein – 1 (MCP-1) in the type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int.J.Sci.Eng . Res, 6 (5): 791-797.
21. Morgan , G.A. ; Leech , N.A. ; Gleaner , G.W. & Barrett, K.C. (2010). SPSS for introductory statistic : use and interpretation . 2nd ed . Lawrenz . Erlbum. Associatiates , publishers Mahwah , New Jersey London.
22. Ghafil R A, Alrazaq N A, Mahmood N A. Synthesis of Triazole Derivatives via Multi Components Reaction and Studying of (Organic Characterization, Chromatographic Behavior, Chem-Physical Properties). Egyptian Journal of Chemistry. 2020 ;63(11): 4163-74., DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2020.23541.2399
23. Min , A .Y.; Yoo , J-M ; Sok, D-E & Kim, M. R. (2020). Mulberry fruit prevents diabetes and diabetic dementia by regulation of blood glucose through up regulation of antioxidative activities and CREB/BDNF pathway in alloxan- induced diabetic mice., Article ID 1298691.
24. AL-Dbagh, M.B.R.; Jwad,S.M.(2020). Shrimp extract (Astaxanthin) ameliorates the lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters in experimentally induced diabetes rats. Journal of critical reviews.,7(13):1675-1688.
25. AL-Dbagh,M.B.R. and Jwad,S.M.(2020). Evaluation of efficiency of shrimp extract (Astaxanthin) histologically and immunologically in the treatment of induced diabetes mellitus with alloxan in albino male rats. Research Article.,12(3):268.
26. Rasoul, W. M. R., Mahmood S J. (2022). Evaluation of the efficacy of Brassica oleracea L. alcoholic extract on the levels of D3 and antioxidants in albino male rats dosed with Paracetamol. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 43(6), 72-77.
27. Drikvandi ,P ; Bahramikia,S ; & Alirezaei,M. (2020). Modulation of the antioxidant defense system in liver, kidney, and pancreas tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats by camphor.
28. Mwafy , N. S. & Yassin, M. M. (2011). Anti diabetic activity evaluation of glimepiride and Nerium oleander extract on insulin, glucose levels and some liver enzymes activities in experimental diabetic rat model. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences., 14: 984-990.
29. Ajiboye , B. O. ; Shonibare, M. T. ; & Oyinloye, B. E.(2020) Antidiabetic activity of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) juice in alloxan-induceddiabetic rats. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.
30. Omoboyowa , D. A.; Igara, E. C.; OtuChristian, G. & Olugu, K. D. (2016). Anti-diabetic activity of methanolic extract of seed cotyledon of Chrysophyllum albidum in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Vol. 28 ; pp 88–95.
31. Abd Al-Razaq A S, Mahmood S J. (2023). Evaluation of some Immunological Parameters in with Men Diabetic Nephropathy . Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology,, Volume 44, Issue 5, Page 42-54 .M DOI: 10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i53441
32. Kayama , Y. ; Raaz, U.; Jagger, A.; Adam, Matti ; Schellinger, I. N.; Sakamoto, M.; Suzuki, H.; Toyama, K.; Spin, J. M. &Tsao, P. S.( 2015). Diabetic cardiovascular disease induced by oxidative stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 16, 25234-25263.
33. Belayneh ,Y.M; Birhanu, Z.; Birru, E.M.; &Getenet, G.(2019). Evaluation of in vivo antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic and in vitro antioxidant activities of hydromethanolic root extract of Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae). J Exp Pharmacol.,11:29–38.
34. Bastaki , S. M. A. ; Amir, N. ; Adeghate, E. ; and Ojha, S. (2021). Nerolidol, a sesquiterpene, attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in acetic acid‑induced colitis in rats .
35. Chen , L; Lu, X; El-Seedi, H;and Teng, H.(2019). Recent advances in the development of sesquiterpenoids in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Trends in Food Science & Technology, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.003.
36. AL- Fatlawi, H. Y.; & Jwad, S. M. (2022). Assessing the level of a trial natriuretic peptide and some biochemical parameters in men with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology,43(9):1 -13.
37. Wu , L. ; Li , X. ; Chang , D.; Zhang, H. ; Li , J. ; Wu, S ; Zhang, L.; Chen, M. & Zhao,M. (2020) . Associations of urinary epidermal growth factor and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 with kidney involvement in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant .35: 291–297.
38. AL-Fatlawi,H.Y. & Jwad, S. M. (2022). Evaluation of physiological and immunological parameters in men with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. NeuroQuantology, 20(5), 646-657.
39. Ceriello , A. (2012). The emerging challenge in diabetes: The “metabolic memory”. Vasc. Pharmacol. 57, 133–138.
40. Araruna ,M. E.; Serafim, C.; Júnior, E. A.; Hiruma-Lima, C.; Diniz, M. &Batista, L. (2020). Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of terpenes
in experimental models (2010–2020): a review. Molecules, 25, 5430.
41. Porter , J.A. & Monu, E.A. (2019). Evaluating the antimicrobial e_cacy of white mustard essential oil alone and in combination with thymol and carvacrol against Salmonella. Int. Immunopharmacol., 82, 2038–2043.
42. Somensi , N.; Rabelo, T.K.; Guimarães, A.G.; Quintans-Junior, L.J.; Araújo, A.A.S.; Moreira, J.C.F.; & Gelain, D.P. (2019).Carvacrol suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory activation in RAW264.7 macrophages through ERK1/2 and NF-Kb pathway. Int. Immunopharmacol., 75: 1–7.
43. Hadi , N.; Al- amran, F; Hussein, M.A.A. & Rezeg, F.A. (2012). Evaluation of the effects of glimepiride (Amaryl) and repaglinide (novoNorm) on atherosclerosis progression in high cholesterol- fed male rabbite. Journal of cardiovascular disease research, 3(1):5-11.
44. Mann , S; Singh, P.K.;& Gubta, A.A.A. (2013). Antidiabetic effects of Ricinus communis on the blood biochemical parameters in streptozotocin induced rat .International Journal of Pharmaands.;4(2):382-8.
45. Elghazaly,N.A.; Zaatout,H.H.; Radwan,E.H.; Elghazaly,M.M.; & Elsheikha,E.A.(2019). Trigonella foenum Graecum extract benefits on hematological, biochemical and male reproductive system as a complementary therapy with glimepiride in treating streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of Bioinformatics and Diabetes , 1(3):45.
46. Luma Abd Almunim Baker, Shaymaa Zuhir Jalal Aldin. (2022). Association of some biochemical parameters and blood pressure among males with hypertension in the camps of Nineveh province-Iraq. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2022.979
47. Azarkish , F.;Hashemi,K.;Talebi,A.;Kamalinejad, M.; Soltani, N. & Pouladian ,N.(2017). Effect of the administration of Solanum nigrum fruit on prevention of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin – induced diabetic rats . Pharmacogn . Res ., 9: 325-332.
48. Hamdani A, Khawar R, Rubab H. Aggressive Behaviorand Coping Strategies among Cardiac Patients with Type A and Type B Behavior Pattern. Pak Heart J.2022;55(03):242-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47144/phj.v55i3.2242
49. Ashraf T, IshaqM. Coronary Artery Disease and Depression: A Missing Pillar in Management.Pak Heart J. 2022;55(03):205-206.https://doi.org/10.47144/phj.v55i3.2377
50. Ashiq S, Ashiq K, SabarMF. The Complex Relationship of Paraoxonase Gene Polymorphisms with Coronary Artery Disease and Lipid Metabolism. Pak Heart J. 2022;55(03):307-308.https://doi.org/10.47144/phj.v55i3.2263
51. Alaq Saeed Abdulhussain. (2022). The efficacy and safety of vitamin C administration to women with history of premature preterm rupture of membrane in prevention of such event in current pregnancy: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(04), 188–194. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2022.985
52. Hanif , A. ; Tanwir, S.; Ahmad, J., N. ; Hameed, M. ; Mustafa , G . (2023). Nepeta paulsenii Briq. inhibits hepatic toxicity in albino rats: phytochemical analysis and chemical profiling. Journal of King Saud University – Science.
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Apr 26, 2023
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Ansaf Saleh Abar, & Saher Mahmood Jwad. (2023). Evaluation of the antioxidant efficacy of Terpenes isolated from the Zingiber officinale Roscoe in treating experimentally alloxan-induced diabetes in Male Albino Rats. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(8), 465-476. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.08.050
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How to Cite
Ansaf Saleh Abar, & Saher Mahmood Jwad. (2023). Evaluation of the antioxidant efficacy of Terpenes isolated from the Zingiber officinale Roscoe in treating experimentally alloxan-induced diabetes in Male Albino Rats. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 30(8), 465-476. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2023.30.08.050