Predictors to Health Promoting Behaviors among Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: Health Belief Model Approach
Main Article Content
Keywords
Myasthenia Gravis, Health-Promoting Behaviors, Health Belief Model
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis is a rare, chronic, acquired autoimmune neuromuscular disorder causing weakness in skeletal muscles. Patients with Myasthenia Gravis face many bio-psychosocial consequences that may require dramatic changes in their lives. The aim of this study was to determine predictors to health promoting behaviors among patients with Myasthenia Gravis using Health Belief Model. A predictive correlational research design was utilized to fulfill the aim of the study. Consecutive sample of convenience consisting of 57 adult male and female patients admitted for 21 months at one of Cairo University Hospitals, Egypt constituted the study sample. Data was collected using the following tools:(a) Demographic and Medical Background Data Form, (b) Glasgow Coma Scale to determine the conscious level of the potential participants, (c) The Adapted Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II tool to assess the health-promoting behaviors among the study participants and (d) the Health Belief Model Scale to assess the disease variables that were supposedly act as the predictors to health promoting behaviors among the study participants. Results showed that the majority of participants were female (78.90%), married (66.70%), educated (96.50%) and not working (91.20%), with a mean age of 33.96 ±9.81. Most of the participants have no family history of the disease (96.50%), have generalized Myasthenia Gravis (68.40%), their age at disease onset is between 20 to 40 years old (71.90%) and initial signs and symptoms are ptosis, limbs weakness and dysphagia (49.10 %, 40.40 % and 35.10% respectively). Additionally, more than one third of the study participants achieved low level of total health promoting behaviors. Accordingly, only two health belief model constructs, i.e., self-efficacy and cues to action shown to be predictors to health promoting behaviors. The study recommends that a self-management program should be designed to provide the patients with the necessary tools to improve self-efficacy and enhance management skills.
References
2. Al-Ahmer, I., & Elshony, H. (2021). Determinants of quality-of-life changes with plasmapheresis in patients with myasthenia gravis. The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 57(1), 1-10.
3. Algahtani, H., Shirah, B., Alshehri, A., Al Hassani, A. N., Binseddeq, H. H., Mukhtar, R. M., ... & Taj, J. A. (2021). Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcome in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: A Retrospective Study from Two Tertiary Care Centers in Saudi Arabia. Cureus, 13(12).
4. Al‐Metwali, B. Z., Al‐Jumaili, A. A., Al‐Alag, Z. A., & Sorofman, B. (2021). Exploring the acceptance of COVID‐19 vaccine among healthcare workers and general population using health belief model. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 27(5), 1112-1122.
5. Al-Sabbagh, M. Q., Alani, A., Mafrachi, B., Siyam, A., Isleem, U., Massad, F. I., ... & Abufaraj, M. (2021). Predictors of adherence with home quarantine during COVID-19 crisis: the case of health belief model. Psychology, Health & Medicine.
6. Alsop, T., Williams, K., & Gomersall, S. (2020). Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in People with Myasthenia Gravis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases, (Preprint), 1-10.
7. Andersen, J. B., Gilhus, N. E., & Sanders, D. B. (2016). Factors affecting outcome in myasthenia gravis. Muscle & nerve, 54(6), 1041-1049.
8. Azadi, N. A., Ziapour, A., Lebni, J. Y., Irandoost, S. F., Abbas, J., & Chaboksavar, F. (2021). The effect of education based on health belief model on promoting preventive behaviors of hypertensive disease in staff of the Iran University of Medical Sciences. Archives of Public Health, 79(1), 1-8.
9. Blouin, J. E., & Gyurcsik, N. C. (2019). Adults with conflicting or facilitating goals differ in adherence‐related self‐regulatory factors and exercise over time. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 49(7), 416-425.
10. Champion V.L. (1999) Revised susceptibility, benefits and barriers scale for mammography screening. Research in Nursing & Health 22, 341– 348.
11. Chen, J., Tian, D. C., Zhang, C., Li, Z., Zhai, Y., Xiu, Y., ... & Shi, F. D. (2020). Incidence, mortality, and economic burden of myasthenia gravis in China: A nationwide population-based study. The Lancet Regional Health-Western Pacific, 5, 100
12. Desai, M. K., & Brinton, R. D. (2019). Autoimmune disease in women: endocrine transition and risk across the lifespan. Frontiers in endocrinology, 10, 265.
13. Dewi T. K. (2018). Validation of the Indonesian version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale for breast self-examination. Psychology research and behavior management, 11, 433–438.
14. Dong, D., Chong, M. K. C., Wu, Y., Kaminski, H., Cutter, G., Xu, X., ... & Zhu, J. (2020). Gender differences in quality of life among patients with myasthenia gravis in China.
15. Fan, X., Xing, C., Yang, L., Wang, J., & Feng, L. (2020). Fatigue, self-efficacy and psychiatric symptoms influence the quality of life in patients with myasthenia gravis in Tianjin, China. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 79, 84-89.
16. Green, J. D., Barohn, R. J., Bartoccion, E., Benatar, M., Blackmore, D., Chaudhry, V., ... & Traynor, B. J. (2020). Epidemiological evidence for a hereditary contribution to myasthenia gravis: a retrospective cohort study of patients from North America. BMJ open, 10(9), e037909.
17. Grove, S. K., Gray, J. R., & Faan, P. R. (2019). Understanding Nursing Research: First South Asia Edition, E-Book: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier India.
18. Gummi, R. R., Kukulka, N. A., Deroche, C. B., & Govindarajan, R. (2019). Factors associated with acute exacerbations of myasthenia gravis. Muscle & nerve, 60(6), 693-699.
19. Habibi, H., Sedighi, B., Jahani, Y., Hasani, M., & Iranpour, A. (2021). Self-Care Practices and Related Factors in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Based on the Health Belief Model. Journal of caring sciences, 10(2), 77.
20. Jeong, A., Min, J. H., Kang, Y. K., Kim, J., Choi, M., Seok, J. M., & Kim, B. J. (2018). Factors associated with quality of life of people with Myasthenia Gravis. PLoS One, 13(11), e0206754.
21. Kim, M. J., Kim, S. W., Kim, M., Choi, Y. C., Kim, S. M., & Shin, H. Y. (2021). Evaluating an In-House Cell-Based Assay for Detecting Antibodies against Muscle-Specific Tyrosine Kinase in Myasthenia Gravis. Journal of Clinical Neurology, 17.
22. Law, C., Flaherty, C. V., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2020). A review of psychiatric comorbidity in myasthenia gravis. Cureus, 12(7).
23. Lehnerer, S., Jacobi, J., Schilling, R., Grittner, U., Marbin, D., Gerischer, L., ... & Meisel, A. (2021). Burden of disease in myasthenia gravis: taking the patient’s perspective. Journal of neurology, 1-14.
24. Liu, F. C., Kuo, C. F., See, L. C., Tsai, H. I., & Yu, H. P. (2017). Familial aggregation of myasthenia gravis in affected families: a population-based study. Clinical Epidemiology, 9, 527.
25. Mazzoli, M., Ariatti, A., Valzania, F., Kaleci, S., Tondelli, M., Nichelli, P. F., & Galassi, G. (2018). Factors affecting outcome in ocular myasthenia gravis. International Journal of Neuroscience, 128(1), 15-24.
26. Muzaffar, R., & Rohail, D. (2021). Influence of Disease Severity on Psychological Adjustment of Patients with Myasthenia Gravis. Multicultural Education, 7(10).
27. Narayanaswami, P., Sanders, D. B., Wolfe, G., Benatar, M., Cea, G., Evoli, A., ... & Verschuuren, J. (2021). International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: 2020 update. Neurology, 96(3), 114-122.
28. Phan, L., Beck, K., Wang, M. Q., & Butler III, J. (2020). The Development and Initial Validation of a Health Belief Model Scale to Reduce Single Cigarette Use among Urban, African American Smokers. American Journal of Health Education, 51(5), 278-288.
29. Rahimi, G. M., Jalili, Z., & Farmanbar, R. (2017). Factors related to preventive behaviors of hepatitis b based on health belief model in high-risk workers.
30. Sanders, D. B., Wolfe, G. I., Narayanaswami, P., & MGFA Task Force on MG Treatment Guidance. (2018). Developing treatment guidelines for myasthenia gravis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1412(1), 95-101.
31. Shmueli, L. (2021). Predicting intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among the general population using the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior model. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-13.
32. Sulat, J. S., Prabandari, Y. S., Sanusi, R., Hapsari, E. D., & Santoso, B. (2018). The validity of health belief model variables in predicting behavioral change: A scoping review. Health Education.
33. Suppiah, P. D., Marshall, D. S., Lee, S. M., & Looi, I. (2022). Quality of life and activities of daily living of myasthenia gravis patients in Hospital Seberang Jaya, Malaysia using MGQOL-15 and MGADL scores: A cross sectional study. Neurology Asia, 27(1), 125-130.
34. Tasker, R. C. (2019). Reliable Glasgow Coma Scale Assessment in Our Sedated and/or Mechanically Ventilated Patients? Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 20(7), 682-683.
35. Teasdale G, Jennett B. (1974). Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: A practical scale. Lancet 304:81–84.
36. Thomsen, J. L., Vinge, L., Harbo, T., & Andersen, H. (2021). Gender differences in clinical outcomes in myasthenia gravis: A prospective cohort study. Muscle & Nerve, 64(5), 538-544.
37. Tong, O., Delfiner, L., & Herskovitz, S. (2018). Pain, headache, and other non-motor symptoms in myasthenia gravis. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 22(6), 1-8.
38. Walker SN, Sechrist KR, Pender NJ. (1987). The health-promoting lifestyle profile: Development and psychometric characteristics. Nurs Res.; 36:76–81.
39. Wong, M. C., Wong, E. L., Huang, J., Cheung, A. W., Law, K., Chong, M. K., ... & Chan, P. K. (2021). Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model: A population-based survey in Hong Kong. Vaccine, 39(7), 1148-1156.
40. Wu, S., Feng, X., & Sun, X. (2020). Development and evaluation of the health belief model scale for exercise. International journal of nursing sciences, 7, S23-S30.
41. Zhu, S. J., Wang, R. T., Yu, Z. Y., Zheng, R. X., Liang, C. H., Zheng, Y. Y., ... & Liu, J. P. (2022). Chinese herbal medicine for myasthenia gravis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Integrative medicine research, 11(2).
42. Misra, U. K., Kalita, J., Singh, V. K., & Kumar, S. (2020). A study of comorbidities in myasthenia gravis. Acta Neurologica Belgica, 120(1), 59-64.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in JPTCP are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.